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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. By Naomi Steplight. The Renaissance start in about 1400 and ended in 1600. Renaissance means rebirth. The Renaissance was called this because it was like a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture, a rebirth through things like literature, artwork and music. .

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance By Naomi Steplight

  2. The Renaissance start in about 1400 and ended in 1600. Renaissance means rebirth. The Renaissance was called this because it was like a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture, a rebirth through things like literature, artwork and music. The Start of the Renaissance (c. 1400-1600)

  3. During the time of the Renaissance, the Roman Catholic Church had a lot of power and was the practiced religion in most of eastern Europe. Also, Italy was very powerful because it controlled most of the trade routes, however this changed during the Renaissance. Music was usually sung with no instruments and wasn’t based off of modern-day scales and rhythms. It was based off of an early version of the scale called a mode. The World at the Time

  4. The Mass is a liturgical composition that was very commonly performed and composed during the Renaissance. There are many different types of masses: The Requiem Mass, the Plainsong Mass, the Cantus Firmus Mass (most popular mass of the Renaissance), the Paraphrase Mass and the Parody Mass. Masses or The Mass

  5. The parts of the mass are arranged in the following sequence: Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Collect, Epistle, Gradual, Alleluia, Gospel, Credo, Offertory, Secret, Preface, Sanctus, Canon, Agnus Dei, Communion, Post-Communion and the Ite missa est or Benidicamus Domino. The mass is split up into two parts… Mass’ Sequence

  6. The Ordinary of the Mass (Ordinarium Missae) The Proper of the Mass (Proprium Missae) Introit Collect Epistle Gradual Alleluia Gospel Offertory Secret Preface Communion Post-Communion • Kyrie • Gloria • Credo • Sanctus • Canon • Agnus Dei • Ite missa est (Benidictamus Domino) The Parts of the Mass

  7. Philippe de Vitry was one of the main leaders of the Ars Nova movement which helped start the Renaissance. He composed music that made fun of the pope and the church. He was believed to create the idea of isometry. Although this isn’t a fact, he used isometry in his works. Philippe de Vitry (October 31, 1291-June 9, 1361)

  8. Although not necessarily born during the Renaissance, Guillaume de Machaut was also a leader during the Ars Nova movement and he continued Philippe de Vitry’s work. He was a French poet who wrote virelais, rondeaux, ballades and motets. Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300-1377)

  9. The Ars Nova, or New Art movement was a movement led by Philippe de Vitry in 1320. This movement is part of what triggered the Renaissance. This movement is a change from Ars Antique or Old Art. In this movement, the music was more complex, but condemned by the Roman Catholic Church and the pope because it sounded secular. Pre-Renaissance: Ars Nova Movement (1320)

  10. La Messe de Notre Dame or Mass of Our Lady was a mass created by Guillaume de Machaut. It was composed in 1364. This mass is his most famous work, and one of the most famous works of the time. La Messe de Notre Dame (1364)

  11. The Age of Exploration started in 1400 and was led by Prince Henry the Navigator. He was the brother of the King of Portugal and in the 1400s, Henry set up a center for exploration in Sagres, Portugal. There, the sailors learned math and geography from mathematicians and geographers and how to use many different tools essential in sailing like the astrolabe. The Age of Exploration (1400)

  12. Also, during the early Renaissance Period, Guillaume Dufay is born. He was born in the Burgundy region in France. Although he was born in France, he loved travelling Italy and admiring the Renaissance. He composed for popes, kings and dukes. Early in his days of composing, he wrote traditional polyphonic chants for liturgical purposes, but later he wrote chants about love, wine and nature. Guillaume Dufay (c.1400-1474)

  13. Another composer born around this time was Gilles Binchois was a French composer who wrote more than fifty chansons. They were for a solo voice and two instruments. His pieces were advanced for his time in the way they were structured. They were structured for the singer to sing the melody, the lowest instrument playing a low, droning note and the middle instrument playing a three-note chord. Gilles Binchois (c. 1400-1460)

  14. Jean Ockeghem was yet another composer born during this early Renaissance period. He was known as the “Prince of Music” because he mastered forms like the mass, the motet and the chanson. He expanded on the reign of the Netherlands School, which was inspired by the works of Gilles Binchois. He also wrote very complicated compositions only skilled musicians could play. Jean Ockghem (c. 1410-February 6, 1497)

  15. Josquin des Prez was French, but he worked for people from Milan and Rome to give his music a “lighthearted” feel that later became a characteristic of all Renaissance music. He wrote complicated music that was for kings, queens and popes. He also wrote a lamenting piece for the death of Jean Ockghem. Josquin des Prez (1440-1521)

  16. Heinrich Isaac lived in Germany in 1497 where he was court composer to Maximillian I. He worked for Maximillian I from 1497 until his death in 1517. His works include about fifty mass ordinaries, almost one-hundred mass propers, over fifty motets and nearly one hundred songs. Heinrich (Henricus) Isaac (Ysaac, Isaak) (c.1445-1517)

  17. During this time period, secular music became popular, and composers from France, Italy and England composed more and more. In the year 1450, a man named Johannes Gutenburg created a printing press that would print books from moveable type, mostly for liturgical purposes. Also in 1450, the Netherlands School was created and it began to develop and become popular. The Mid-1400s

  18. In Italy in the mid-1400s (approximately 1450), the Italians unearth the writing of Greek and Roman scholars and their idea of Uomo Universale, or Universal Man. This started the revolution of humanism. Humanism (Mid-1400s)

  19. The Netherlands School, started in 1450, was a collection of Dutch composers and musicians that were from the Netherlands, Belgium, and northeastern parts of France. They rose from 1450 to 1550, which was also the time of the High Renaissance: a peak in the Renaissance period. The Netherlands School (1450-1550)

  20. In 1454, Duke Philip the Good had his court musicians play at the Feast of the Pheasant in 1454. They performed in a pie dish, which is said to have inspired the nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence. The Feast of the Pheasant (1454)

  21. Clement Janequin was a French composer. He, at a time, lived under François Duke of Guise. He also wrote a lot of pieces that were about and/or featured famous French hierarchy e.g. François Duke of Guise. Clement Janequin (c.1485-1558)

  22. In 1492, Columbus sets sail to go to the New World to claim land for Spain. He with about ninety men in his three ships: The Nina (the smallest), the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (the largest). Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue…(1492)

  23. This was a mass composed by Josquin des Prez in 1502. This mass was based off of the song L’Homme Arme or the Armed Man, which was a popular song in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The Agnus Dei from this mass is the most popular and it used polyphony. Misse Sexti Toni or Mass in the Sixth Mode (1502)

  24. There were also other advancements in other areas like art through things like the painting of the Mona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci painted this picture of a woman somewhere from 1503 to 1506 thus the famous mystery of the smile of the Mona Lisa is born. Mona Lisa (1503-1506)

  25. Meanwhile, in the field of music, the Burgandian School was being created in 1506. It was a gathering of thirty-three court musicians. They were musicians, composers and singers. They were gathered by Duke Philip the Good, who passed it on to his son Charles the Bold. The Burgandian School (1506)

  26. Another example of an artistic advancement is the painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo is given the task of painting the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling in 1508 and he completes it in 1512. He did this by standing on a ladder and holding his brush high enough to reach the ceiling to paint, which is part of the reason why it took him five years to finish. The Sistine Chapel (1512)

  27. Cipriano de Rore was composer who wrote madrigals. Other composers imitated him and put the works of Dante and Virgil to music. De Rore’s compositions include three masses, sixty-five motets, one passion, eight psalms, eight magnificats one-hundred twenty-five madrigals and a few chansons. Cipriano de Rore (1516-1565)

  28. The Protestant Reformation was a breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church. It was led by a monk named Martin Luther. He and his followers started new church sects e.g. Lutheran, Calvinist, Angelican, etc. Protestant Reformation (1517)

  29. Giovanni Pierluigi was an Italian composer who wrote masses for unaccompanied voices. He was also known as the “Prince of Music” in his day. He composed more that two-hundred fifty motets. Giovanni Pierluigi (de Palestrina) (c.1525, Palestrina-February 2, 1594, Rome)

  30. Other European countries like Sweden and Denmark also begin to split off from the Roman Catholic Church. This begins the ending of the reign of power that the Roman Catholic Church once had. Countries Reform (1530)

  31. The madrigal wasn’t officially used until about 1530 in Italy. They were based off of fourteenth century poems by an Italian composer named Petrarch who wrote songs called frottole. They are stilted, repetitious, and are supposed to be sung to music. Many thought the frottole didn’t do Petrarch justice so they used the madrigal instead. The Madrigal (c. 1530)

  32. Orlande de Lasso was a very active composer. He wrote more than two-thousand compositions which appeared between 1555 and 1604. Some examples of these compositions are in his collection of motets in 1556. More examples are his anthology of chansons of 1570. Orlando de Lasso (Lassus) (1530/32-1594, Munich)

  33. King Henry VIII was upset with the Roman Catholic Church because his current wife, Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand of Spain couldn’t produce any male children. Henry couldn’t divorce his wife because the Roman Catholic Church forbade it, so in 1533, King Henry VIII starts the Church of England. The Church of England (1533)

  34. A book of madrigals composed by Cipriano de Rore is created in 1542. The madrigals were for five voices to sing. This book of madrigals was the book that caused composers imitating Rore to look to the works of Dante and Virgil for inspiration. Book of Madrigals (1542)

  35. William Byrd was a leading English composer and madrigal writer. He composed three masses in Latin. They were for three, four and five voices and they were composed during 1593 and 1595. William Byrd (1543-1623)

  36. The Counter-Reformation was a counter to the Protestant Reformation. It happened somewhere from 1545 to 1563. It’s aim was to stop people from reforming and to get those people to go back to the Roman Catholic Church. It was promoted by the Council of Trent which also reigned from 1545-1563. The Counter-Reformation (1545-1563)

  37. Henry VIII’s son, Edward, takes over the throne after he dies in 1547. However, Edward doesn’t live for that long afterwards either. Then, later, the throne is passed to Mary I and eventually to the protestant Elizabeth I. The Death of Henry VIII (1547)

  38. Greensleeves was thought to be composed by Henry VIII in September 1580 after the divorce of his second wife, Anne Boleyn. It was a popular song in its day and it still is very popular today. It is popular because it is the base for the common Christmas carol “What Child is This?”. Greensleeves (1580)

  39. Other than music and art, there were advances during the Renaissance e.g. science. For example, Galileo Galilei discovers the pendulum in 1581. It was then used in clocks and bells. It improved the clock’s accuracy greatly from ten to fifteen minutes off to a few seconds off. The Pendulum (1581)

  40. Orlando de Lasso’s greatest works, his collection of penitential psalms called Psalmi Davidis Poenitentiales is published in 1584. It is later discovered and edited by S.W. Dehn, which sparked the interest in Lasso’s works once more. Pslami Davidis Poenitentiales (1584)

  41. In England in 1588, the ballett became popular. This happened at the same time Italian madrigals with English words were being translated. Balletts (1588)

  42. Elizabeth I takes the throne in England in 1588, so Spain’s King Phillip II sends the Spanish Armada, a group of Spanish ships, to kill Elizabeth I because she was a Protestant and Spain was Roman Catholic. The armada is sent in the same year Elizabeth I takes the throne, but it fails. The Spanish Armada (1588)

  43. Another example of an advancement in science is the invention of the microscope. Dutch lens grinders Hans and Zacharias Janssen create the first microscope. They create it in 1590. They did this by putting two different sized lens or pieces of glass into two ends of a tube. The First Microscope (1590)

  44. This was part of Thomas Watson’s book First Sett of Italian Madrigals Englished which was published in 1590. It was written by William Byrd. Thomas Watson was William Byrd’s friend, so he asked Byrd to contribute this to the book. This Sweet and Merry Month of May (1590)

  45. This was an Elizabethan ballett published in 1594. It is different from This Sweet and Merry Month of May, although they both are composed by William Byrd. This ballett had a happy, joyful tune. May (1594)

  46. A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke was a music textbook written by Thomas Morely, an apprentice of William Byrd. It was written in 1597. It provided knowledge of the basis of theories of the Renaissance period. A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke (1597)

  47. The end of the Renaissance period and the start of the Baroque was in 1600. The End of the Renaissance (1600)

  48. The End

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