1 / 68

The Beginnings of Civilization

The Beginnings of Civilization. 3,700,000 to 587 B.C. Exploration of Prehistory. Hominids www.houseofcanes.com/ ordinfo.htm. Key characteristic Walk upright. Role of Artifacts www.texasbeyondhistory.net/ rubin/images/artif. Let us know more about ancient cultures

tavon
Télécharger la présentation

The Beginnings of Civilization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Beginnings of Civilization 3,700,000 to 587 B.C.

  2. Exploration of Prehistory

  3. Hominidswww.houseofcanes.com/ ordinfo.htm Key characteristic • Walk upright

  4. Role of Artifactswww.texasbeyondhistory.net/ rubin/images/artif... • Let us know more about ancient cultures • Somewhat limited – theories have formed to attempt to explain the past

  5. Lucywww.pbs.org/saf/ 1105/features/eureka3.htm • Oldest human-like skeletal remains ever found • 3-4 Million Years old • Found in Africa • Discovery has been questioned lately over the species of the find

  6. First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html • Characteristics • Powerful jaw • Receding chins • Low foreheads • Heavy eyebrows

  7. More First Humanswww.public.iastate.edu/ ~cfford/342ggsintro.htm • Hunter/gatherers • Nomadic • Traveled in clans of 40-50 • Men hunted while women gathered nuts/berries/seeds

  8. Homo Sapienswww.fossils-as-art.com/ images/0200.jpg • Appeared on the scene between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago

  9. Ice Ageswww.salzburg.com/ freizeit/185_3920.htm • Several over 1.7 million years • Warm era that we live in today started about 10,000 years ago – coincides with last ice age

  10. Neanderthals Appeared 35,000-130,000 years ago (Old Stone Age) Wore animal skins Used fire Buried their dead Cro-Magnons Appeared about 35,000 years ago Better tools Cave Art Textbook History lessons Religious First Homo Sapiens

  11. Three Stone Ages Old Middle New

  12. Old Stone Agewww.chennaimuseum.org/.../ 02/05/prehist.htm • Very crude tools • Stones used to throw at animals

  13. Middle Stone Age www.dungarvanmuseum.org/ index.cgi?art_id=5&pa... Mesolithic Age • 10,000 to 5,500 years ago • Not only use stones but bones • Bows and arrows • Fish hooks • Harpoons

  14. New Stone Agewww.turizm.net/turkey/ history/neolithic.html Neolithic Age • Development of Agriculture • Domestication of animals/plants for food

  15. Characteristics of the Evolution of Civilization

  16. Agriculture to Surplus Production • People began to grow more food than they would need – allowed people to do things other than farming

  17. Establishment of Towns/Cities www.turizm.net/turkey/ history/neolithic.html • With surplus populations could grow • Families now could be larger

  18. Division of Laborwww.jupiter.fl.us/.../ BuildingSafety.htm • In towns/cities people could specialize in one job or another

  19. Evolution of Civilization Lesser Characteristics

  20. Calendarwww.hcc-nd.edu/images/ Calendars-Oct03.gif • Needed to track seasons for planting/harvesting and migrations (if needed)

  21. Form of Writingmrspock.marion.ohio-state.edu/.../ cuneiform.htm • Needed for communication • Early forms were cumbersome with too many symbols – became better as time past

  22. Early Civilizations Chapter 2

  23. Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Section 1

  24. Fertile Crescentxenohistorian.faithweb.com/ worldhis/Hist02.html • Situated along the Tigris-Euphrates River valleys • Much like Egypt in that it needed rivers to flood for irrigation • Rivers begin in mountains of Turkey and flow into the Persian Gulf

  25. Bronze Agedomino.kappa.ro/.../ ist_ilustrata/$file/4.jpg • Developed as an alloy of copper and tin • Easily made into tools • Weakness: not strong enough

  26. Sumerians • Located in Sumer • Cuneiform • Architecture • Arch • Class system • Gods were forces of nature and heavenly bodies

  27. Akkadianswww.utexas.edu/courses/ clubmed/sargon.jpg Major leader was Sargon • 2334 B.C. to 2279 B.C • Akkadian empire lasted 150 years

  28. Babylonianswww.globalsecurity.org/.../ images/hammurabi.jpg • Greatest Leader – Hammurabi • Code of Hammurabi • Rule from 1792 B.C.to • Much like the Sumerians in many ways

  29. www.fournel.org

  30. Egyptians Section 2

  31. Egypt: Role of the Nile • Civilization found upon the Nile River Valley • Nile River is the longest river flowing north in the World

  32. Nile River • Flows northward – divided into two parts: • Upper Egypt (South) • Lower Egypt (North) • Originates at Lake Victoria • Cataracts (rapids) • Surrounded by two deserts • Flows into delta – then into the Mediterranean

  33. Nile River: Lifeblood of Egyptwww.wwnorton.com/.../ nawol/maps/MAP3EGYP.JPG • Nile River floods yearly leaving silt in valleys adjacent to River – provide fertile soil • < Flooding – Bad crops • > Flooding – Villages swept away

  34. Egypt moves toward Civilizationastro.temple.edu/ ~rguay/rosetta%20stone.jpg • 3000 B.C. – Hieroglyphics developed • Language artists have been able to translate the Hieroglyphics with use of the Rosetta Stone

  35. Egyptian Kingdoms

  36. Menesmembers.tripodnet.nl/ ancientegypt/history.html • Unites Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt in 3200 B.C. • Begins the first of 30 dynasties of Egypt

  37. Old Kingdom 2680 B.C. to 2180 B. C.

  38. Achievements in Arts and Sciencewww.astro.utoronto.ca/ ~yao/egypt1999/sphinx.gif • The Great Sphinx

  39. The Old Kingdom • Class society • Lower: Peasants and Farmers • Upper: Pharaoh, the Royal Family, Priests, Scribes, and Government Officials • At end of dynasty the pharaohs became weaker and the nobles grew stronger • Revolutions began probably because of famine and lack of food

  40. First Intermediate Period • Lasted from 2180 B.C. to 2050 B.C. • Time period marked by many civil wars • Period ends as new line of pharaoh comes to power

  41. The Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

  42. Middle Kingdom • Considered the “golden age” of Egypt • Noble and Priests begin to challenge the power of the Pharaoh – led to instability • Period also marked by invasions of Hyksos • Disputes arise over how devastating the Hyksos invasion was on the Egyptians • Hyksos did bring in new tools of warfare: the chariot and compound bow

  43. Second Intermediate Period • Begins as Hyksos gain control of all of Egypt – probably because of the weakness of Egypt • Period ends as new line of rulers come to power

  44. The New Kingdom 1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.

  45. New Kingdom • Kingdom centered around their capital, Thebes • Drove the Hyksos out of Egypt with use of a strong army • Begin to build an empire • The strongest of the rulers were….

  46. Hatshepsut • First female to ever hold the title of Pharoah • Technically co-ruler – with her son • Kept empire’s boundaries secure and built trade

  47. Thutmose III • Stepson of Hatshepsut • Continued trend of mother • Expanded Egypt’s territory to its largest extent until his death in 1450 B.C.

  48. Amenhotep IV • First monotheistical leader of Eygpt • Believed in the sun god, Aton • Changed name to Akhenaton • After his death, Egypt returns to polytheism

  49. Nefertiti • Wife of Akhenaton • political move against priests of Amon-Re • moved capital to Amarna • worshipped Aton, the sun disk

  50. Tutankhamen 1335-1325 BCE • (King Tut) • ruled nine years, died at 18 • young death meant burial in the tomb of a lesser person (noble) resulting in preservation

More Related