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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Classifying Living Things Lesson 2 Cells Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. How is the classification of living things related to the structure of their cells?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Classifying Living Things Lesson 2 Cells Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. How is the classification of living things related to the structure of their cells? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. A group of organs that work together and perform a function is called a tissue. 3. Living things are classified based on similar characteristics. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the cell membrane. 5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus. 6. Plants use chloroplasts to process energy. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Classifying Living Things • What are living things? • What do living things need? • How are living things classified? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Classifying Living Things • autotroph • heterotroph • habitat • binomial nomenclature • taxon Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. What are living things? All living things have six characteristics in common: • Living things are made of cells. • Living things are organized. • Living things grow and develop. • Living things respond to their environment. • Living things reproduce. • Living things use energy. Lesson 1-1

  9. What are living things?(cont.) What are living things? Lesson 1-1

  10. What are living things?(cont.) • Some living things are unicellular, which means they are made up of only one cell. • Many living things are made of more than one cell and are called multicellular organisms. • Multicellular organisms can have several layers of organization. Lesson 1-1

  11. What are living things?(cont.) • Groups of cells that work together and perform a specific function are called tissues. • Tissues that work together and carry out a specific function are called organs. • Organs that work together and perform a specific function are called organ systems. Lesson 1-1

  12. What are living things?(cont.) • During their lifetimes, living things grow, or increase in size. • Living things develop, or change, during their lifetimes. Lesson 1-1

  13. What are living things?(cont.) • Organisms that convert light energy to usable energy are called autotrophs. • Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain energy from other organisms. • If an organism detects a change in its external environment, it will respond to that change. Lesson 1-1

  14. What do living things need? A specific environment where an organism lives is its habitat. habitat from Latin habitare, means “to live or dwell” Lesson 1-2

  15. What do living things need? (cont.) An organism’s habitat must provide the food and water that it needs. Lesson 1-2

  16. What do living things need? Lesson 1-2

  17. How are living things classified? • Scientists group organisms with similar traits and use a system to name them. • Binomial nomenclatureis a naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name. • The branch of science that classifies living things is called taxonomy. • A group of organisms is called a taxon. Lesson 1-3

  18. How are living things classified?(cont.) • Using taxonomy, scientists divide all living things on Earth into three groups called domains. • Domains are divided into kingdoms, and then phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Lesson 1-3

  19. Lesson 1-3

  20. How are living things classified?(cont.) • A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify an organism based on its characteristics. • Dichotomous keys contain descriptions of traits that are compared when classifying an organism. Lesson 1-3

  21. How are living things classified?(cont.) key Science Use an aid to identification Common Use a device to open a lock Lesson 1-3

  22. How are living things classified? Lesson 1-3

  23. All living things grow, develop, and reproduce. • All living things are organized, respond to their environment, and use energy. Lesson 1 - VS

  24. Scientists use a classification system to group organisms with similar traits and genetic makeup. Lesson 1 - VS

  25. Which term refers to living things made up of only one cell? A. autotrophs B. heterotrophs C. multicellular D. unicellular Lesson 1 – LR1

  26. Which describes organisms that convert light energy to usable energy? A. autotrophs B. heterotrophs C. multicellular D. plasmodial Lesson 1 – LR2

  27. Which is a tool used by scientists to identify an organism based on its characteristics? A. binomial nomenclature B. dichotomous key C. habitat D. taxon Lesson 1 – LR3

  28. 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. A group of organs that work together and perform a function is called a tissue. 3. Living things are classified based on similar characteristics. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  29. Cells • What is a cell made of? • How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  30. Cells • prokaryotic cell • eukaryotic cell • cytoplasm • mitochondrion Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  31. What are cells? • All living things have cells, the basic unit of an organism. • Microscopes are used to view details of small objects or to view things that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye. Photodisc/Getty Images Lesson 2-1

  32. What are cells made of? • Cells are made of four types of macromolecules—nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. • Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane which keeps substances inside the cell and helps protect the cell by keeping harmful substances from entering. Lesson 2-2

  33. What are cells made of? Lesson 2-2

  34. Types of Cells Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Lesson 2-3

  35. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Lesson 2-3

  36. The Outside of a Cell • The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. • Lipids protect the inside of a cell from the external environment. • Proteins and lipids in the cell membrane transport substances between the outside of a cell and the inside of a cell. Lesson 2-4

  37. Some cells have a cell wall—a strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane. Lesson 2-4

  38. The Inside of a Cell • The inside of a cell is mainly water. • This makes it easier for the substances to move around inside a cell, gives cells their shapes, and helps keep the structures inside a cell organized. • The liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm. Lesson 2-5

  39. The Inside of a Cell(cont.) • The information that controls all of a cell’s activities is stored in its genetic material, called DNA. • The information in DNA is transferred to another nucleic acid called RNA, which gives cells instructions about which proteins need to be made. Lesson 2-5

  40. The Inside of a Cell(cont.) • Mitochondria are organelles that break down food and release energy. • Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. Lesson 2-5

  41. The Inside of a Cell(cont.) mitochondrion from Greek mitos, means “thread”; and khondrion, means “little granule” Lesson 2-5

  42. The Inside of a Cell(cont.) • Proteins are made on the surface of ribosomes that are in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • An organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into tiny organelles called vesicles, which transport proteins around a cell. • Other molecules are stored in organelles called vacuoles. Lesson 2-5

  43. The Inside of a Cell(cont.) How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive? Lesson 2-5

  44. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell membrane but have no internal organelles with membranes. Lesson 2 - VS

  45. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and many other organelles. • Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. Lesson 2 - VS

  46. Which term refers to cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles? A. cytoplasm B. eukaryotic cells C. mitochondria D. prokaryotic cells Lesson 2 – LR1

  47. Which are organelles that break down food and release energy? A. cytoplasm B. eukaryotic cells C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria Lesson 2 – LR2

  48. Proteins are made on the surface of which of the following? A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. vacuoles Lesson 2 – LR3

  49. Do you agree or disagree? 4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the cell membrane. 5.Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus. 6.Plants use chloroplasts to process energy. Lesson 2 - Now

  50. Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Menu

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