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‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision making difficulties lie. A presentation facilitated by: Bethany Sills Leslie Frassel Thomas Blashaw. Gati, I., Saka, N., Krausz, M. (2001). ‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance
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‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision making difficulties lie A presentation facilitated by: Bethany Sills Leslie Frassel Thomas Blashaw Gati, I., Saka, N., Krausz, M. (2001). ‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision-making difficulties lie. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 29(3), 301-321.
Outline of our Presentation • The authors’ hypothesis • What is the the PIC model? • What are CACG’s? • The Experiment • The Results • What did we find interesting? • What we find debatable? Gati, I., Saka, N., Krausz, M. (2001). ‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision-making difficulties lie. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 29(3), 301-321.
1. The Author’s Hypothesis • Gati, Ska, and Krausz hypothesized that “the severity of difficulties varies among people who are at different stages of their career decision-making process, and that using computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACG’s) reduces individuals career decision-making difficulties” (302). Gati, I., Saka, N., Krausz, M. (2001). ‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision-making difficulties lie. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 29(3), 301-321.
The PIC Model • In order to test their hypothesis the author’s first needed assess the different stages of the career decision-making process • The PIC model includes the three main stages of the career decision making process: • Prescreening stage- a collection of promising career alternatives • In-depth exploration stage– a collection of comprehensive info about each of the promising alternatives • Choice stage-ready to locate the most suitable alternative
CACG’s: Computer-assisted career guidance systems • In this experiment, the following CACG’s were used: • MBCD (Making Better Career Decisions): this helped guide users through the pre-screening phase • Computerized Occupational Information (COI): offered in-depth information about careers • Higher Educational Institutions (HEI)- offers information on various majors and admissions requirements to institutions
Experiment and Participants • In order to test this hypothesis, the researchers gave out a 1. questionnaire, 2. CACG’s (noted in previous slide) and 3. an evaluation on the CACG’s to 417 participants (153 male and 264 female). • The participants of the study were all recently discharged or soon to be discharged soldiers in Israel who had used a CACG at one of the Israeli Veterans Administration hospitals • They were all Caucasian and fell in the age group between 19- 27 years old (mean: 20.9). Gati, I., Saka, N., Krausz, M. (2001). ‘Should I use a computer-assisted career guidance system?’ It depends on where your career decision-making difficulties lie. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 29(3), 301-321.
Experiment Continued:Questionnaire (CDDQ) • The first questionnaire was a Career decision making difficulties questionnaire (CDDQ) • The questionnaire included • 1. information on the subjects background (age, sex, education) and • 2. the remaining portion of the questionnaire was 30 statements on a specific difficulty that subjects rated on whether or not the statement applied to them or not • The questionnaire was used to place individuals in one of the PIC model stages
Experiment Continued: CACG’s and Evaluation • As noted in a previous slide: the researchers used the following CACG’s :MBCD (Making Better Career Decisions, Computerized Occupational Information (COI) and Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) • Subjects were also asked to fill out an evaluation on the CACG’s they took and to fill out the CDDQ again
Results • As anticipated, there were significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the CDDQ scores obtained among participants who were at different stages of their career decision-making processes (315). • The reduction of difficulties after using the CACG’s was statistically significant in seven of the ten career decision-making difficulty categories. • The most significant reduction was found in difficulties related to lack of information and especially in lack of information about occupations (316). • There was no reduction in difficulty of lack of motivation and external conflicts. • For lack of motivation, clients were probably already motivated and for external conflicts, clients would probably need to invest in personal counseling .
What we found Interesting… • The PIC model seemed like an interesting and novel way to categorize the career decision-making process. • That individuals at the choice stage had the least difficulties. Some of us thought that the choice stage may have been more stressful. • The study found that “internal conflicts” were lower in the choice group.
What we found debatable… • The PIC Model for career decision making was a newly formulated model. Is this the only model for the career decision-making process? Aren’t there other models? Also, what if this model was formed in favor of the authors intentions? • COI and HEI seem very informative. These tests do not seem commonly used, as none of us have ever heard about either of these tests before. • Computer assistance is more helpful for people who have a lack of information about careers. And less helpful for those who already know what direction they want to go in their career. • The study relied on self report (first questionnaire), and not something more objective. • The study was only done in Israel and the study only used soldiers or discharged soldiers—this can affect the study’s outcome and the study’s external validity.
Questions for the class • Do you think that researchers could ever create a CACG that could ever replace one-on-one counseling? • Do you think the PIC Model is a reliable model of the career decision-making process? • How could the study have been done differently? • What would have been a more objective way to place subjects in a PIC model, other than the self-report questionnaire?