1. Photosynthesis

2. Photosynthesis • light reactions (thylakoid) • 6CO2 + 12 H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O • Calvin cycle or dark reactions (stroma) • 􀁡photoenergy is required (endergonic

3. Using the Spectroscope • Using the Spectroscope • 􀁡view white light w/ spectroscope,record colors seen • 􀁡view red, blue, and green filters w/ • Spectroscope,record colors seen • 􀁡view spinach extract w/ spectroscope,record colors seen

4. Using the Spectrophotometer • tube 1 spinach extract • tube 2 (blank) solvent • tube 3 carrot extract • 􀁡 record %T from 400-700 nm in 25nm • increments, graph • 􀁡 100% T must be reset whenever λ is • changed % %

5. Chromatography • solvent line • carotenes = orange • carotenoids • xanthophylls = yellow • chlorophyll a = blue-green chlorophylls • chlorophyll b = yellow-green • baseline

6. Chromatography, Rf values • Chromatography, Rf values • 􀁡Rf = pigment distance/solvent distance • 􀁡affinity for the solvent = high Rf value • 􀁡affinity for the paper = low Rf value • 􀁡Staple finished chromatograms to report

7. Starch localization in leaves • Starch localization in leaves • 􀁡Boiling the leaf in alcohol will remove the • pigments, it will turn white • 􀁡flood leaf w/ iodine • iodine + starch = blue-black • Draw leaf in color before boiling and after staining.

8. Chloroplast Model • Label chloroplast in your lab manual • 􀁡outer membrane • 􀁡inner membrane • 􀁡intermembrane space • 􀁡stroma (Calvin cycle or dark reactions) • 􀁡thylakoid (light reactions), granum, grana