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Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities

Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities. Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University Jon Dykstra – Earth Satellite Corporation Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Project Objectives.

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Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities

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  1. Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities • Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging • Matt Edwards – San Diego State University • Jon Dykstra – Earth Satellite Corporation • Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography

  2. Project Objectives • Cost-effective method of mapping kelp canopies on a global basis • Baseline for global kelp distributions (Year 2000) • Model linking kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature & wave heights • Discriminate localized kelp bed changes from climate related effects

  3. Kelp Habitat Structure Half–life 2 to 4 years Half–life 10’s to 100’s years Photos: Mark Carr & Bill Bushing

  4. Macrocystis

  5. Nereocystis

  6. Alaria fistulosa

  7. Ecklonia maxima Photo: Taurus Products

  8. Durvillaea antarctica Photo: Steve Smith, NMSC

  9. Year 2000 ETM+ Coverage

  10. Southern California Kelp Canopies

  11. San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board Color IR Photo - 39 ha ETM+ - 49 ha

  12. Study Area

  13. ETM+ 4 Aug 2002

  14. Canopy Area (ha) Bed DMSC ETM+ Harvest 4.9 8.0 Control 1 0.5 0.9 Control 2 2.3 3.4 Control 3 9.0 11.1

  15. Range Boundaries • Baja California • Peru / Chile & Argentina • Namibia / South Africa • Australia – Tasmanian population declines • Subantarctic Islands • Kerguelen Island • Heard Island • South Georgia Island

  16. Peru / Chile / Argentina Northern Boundaries Peru – 13.8o S Peru Coastal Current (Humboldt) Argentina – 42.0o S Brazil-Malvinas Confluence

  17. Namibia / South Africa Northern Boundary – 21.5o S Benguela Current Eastern Boundary – 19.6o E Agulhas Current

  18. Subantarctic Islands Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence with the exception of South Georgia Island

  19. SST - South Georgia Island April 1998 October 1998

  20. SST - Kerguelen & Heard April 1998 October 1998 Kerguelen Kerguelen Heard Heard

  21. SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & Heard April 1998 October 1998 Kerguelen Kerguelen Heard Heard

  22. Coastal Water Clarity Turbidity plumes Plankton blooms MODIS Satellite imagery Spatial Resolution 250 m (bands 1 - 2) 500 m (bands 3 - 7) 1000 m (bands 8 - 36)

  23. LaJolla Kelp Offshore Expansion

  24. Ozone HoleOctober 2000 (< 200 Dobson Units ) NASA TOMS

  25. Isla de los Estados I Isla de losEstados 30 January 2001

  26. Data Availability ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/

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