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Luther and the Reformation

Luther and the Reformation. 1517- 1525 Peasant Revolt. The Perfect Storm for Reform!!!!. Charles V Humanism Corruption in Roman Catholic Church Gutenberg’s Printing Press. Renaissance literature supports Luther’s ideas. Elements in common– satire; anti-clerical; education

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Luther and the Reformation

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  1. Luther and the Reformation 1517- 1525 Peasant Revolt

  2. The Perfect Storm for Reform!!!! • Charles V • Humanism • Corruption in Roman Catholic Church • Gutenberg’s Printing Press

  3. Renaissance literature supports Luther’s ideas • Elements in common– satire; anti-clerical; education • More- (Eng) Utopia “a good place which is no place” • Rabalais- (Fr) Gargantua • Erasmus- (Neth) Praise of Folly: simple faith; vernacular Bible; ind. faith; no priest middleman; less formal worship

  4. Reasons for dissatisfaction with RCC • Pluralism • Absenteeism • Excessive wealth • Simony • Inappropriate behavior of Popes • Lack of education of lower clergy

  5. AND ….Indulgences • Tetzel- “As soon as coin in coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs!” • To pay off Rome’s debts & debt from simony (Fugger Loan) • Justified indulgences as: • God is merciful • Treasury of merits • Church grants spiritual benefits for merits

  6. Luther- 95 Thesis • Undermines power of the Pope by questioning use of penance • Rejected salvation through good works– Salvation by FAITH ALONE (says Luther) • If personal relationship with God is possible- no need for clergy • Person interprets Bible himself

  7. Luther Continued • Church is defined by Luther as “priesthood of believers • 2 sacraments- because supported by scripture baptism, Eucharist • Transubstantiation vs consubstantiation • All vocations have merit- not monks as highest • Authority rests in Bible with individual

  8. Founding of Lutheranism • New religion was never Luther’s intention • Called protestant as Luther protested against the ills of the RCC • Results in excommunication • Summoned to Diet of Worms (Charles V) • Refused to recant • While in hiding after Worms, translated Bible into German

  9. Social Impact • City governments did not like privilege of clergy ( paid no taxes) • Immorality of clergy • Peasants associated with Luther’s ideas “Equality of Believers before God”

  10. Luther –On Christian Liberty • “A Christian man is the most free lord of all and subject to none.” • This quote becomes foundation for peasant Revolt in 1525

  11. Why Luther is successful…. • Support of Frederick of Saxony ( what are his motives for protecting Luther???) • Language skills • Printing press • Geography • Inexperience of Charles V (at Worms) • What was Luther’s position on women???

  12. Political Impact • Support from Germanic princes/ looking for disintegration of Papal Authority (curia) • coveted wealth of church • League of Schmalkalden- Protestant princes united against Charles V

  13. Economic Impact • HRE Princes looking to control tithe/church wealth • Indulgences

  14. Confusion!!!! • Each principality began to choose what religion – mostly by geographic grounds North versus South • Results in Peace of Augsburg- 1555 Each prince/duke /Elector in HRE decides religion for his territory ONLY 2 Choices- Catholic or Lutheran • Cuius regio, eius religio!!

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