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The Essential Process of Photosynthesis: From Sunlight to Energy

Photosynthesis is the remarkable process by which plants and other producers convert sunlight into chemical energy. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures solar energy. Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages: the light reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membranes, and the Calvin Cycle, which takes place in the stroma. During this process, plants utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen, vital for life on Earth. Understanding photosynthesis is key to comprehending energy flow in ecosystems.

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The Essential Process of Photosynthesis: From Sunlight to Energy

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Solar panels of life • Photosynthesis: The process by which plants and other producers convert sunlight into chemical energy. • Chloroplast: Location in plants where photosynthesis takes place • Chlorophyll: A chemical compound found inside the chloroplast. Makes plants green

  3. Chloroplast • The chloroplast has several parts that are important to it’s function in photosynthesis • Thylakoid membranes • Inner membrane • Outer membrane • Stroma

  4. Chloroplast • Stroma: A thick fluid found inside the chloroplast • The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma

  5. Chloroplast • Thylakoid membranes: Found inside the chloroplast as flat disk like structures • Stacks of thylakoids are called granum • The light reaction occurs in the Thylakoids

  6. Photosynthesis equation Sunlight + CO2 + H2O -> Sugar + O2 • ****Know this for the test**** Sunlight

  7. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis happens in two main stages • Light Reaction (occurs in the thylakoid membranes) • Converts the energy in sunlight into chemical energy(ATP)

  8. Photosynthesis 2. Calvin Cycle (stroma) • Uses chemical energy and CO2 + H to make sugar • Sugar then goes into cellular respiration so the cells can do work.

  9. H H

  10. Light Reaction

  11. Light energy • Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy • Travels in wave form • Wavelength: The distance between two adjacent waves

  12. Light Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum: The range of types of electromagnetic energy from short to long wavelengths.

  13. Pigments • Pigment: A chemical compound giving a substance color. • When light hits a pigment it has three options • Absorbed • Transmitted • Reflected

  14. Chloroplast Pigment • A chloroplasts pigment chlorophyll: • Absorbs Blue-violet and red-orange light and convert it to energy • Reflects Green light leading to the leaf being green

  15. Light Cycle Inputs Outputs O2 gas to environment H+ to Stroma ATP • Sunlight • H2O

  16. Calvin Cycle Inputs Outputs Sugar • CO2 • ATP • H+

  17. Results • Photosynthesis takes in sunlight, CO2, and H2O • Releases O2 and sugar • Sugar and O2 go into cells to complete cellular respiration

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