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Biogas

Biogas. Alix Simnock Brooke Myones Carrie Senft Dan Cohn. What is Biogas?. Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1) Made from organic waste Produces methane Anaerobic digestion (2) Replaces non-renewable energy Digested in an airtight container. Why Have a Biogas Digester?.

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Biogas

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  1. Biogas Alix Simnock Brooke Myones Carrie Senft Dan Cohn

  2. What is Biogas? • Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1) • Made from organic waste • Produces methane • Anaerobic digestion (2) • Replaces non-renewable energy • Digested in an airtight container

  3. Why Have a Biogas Digester? • Replaces fossil fuels and other sources of nonrenewable energy • Simple, cost effective designs • Highly available fuel supply • Better usage of manure - no longer polluting water - no longer being burnt • Saves money • Decrease greenhouse gas emissions • Produces organic fertilizer

  4. How Does it Work? • Manure mixed with water to create slurry • Slurry is put into airtight digester • Anaerobic decomposition • Methane created and collected • Effluent produced and removed (1)

  5. Methane CO2 Biogas H2S O2 Amonio + ENERGY Water with 80-90% less contaminants, Organic Fertilizer Water, Excreta, Organic Material, Biodegradable Waste Anaerobic Environment Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Acetogenesis, Dehydrogenization, Methanogenesis (3) Graphic courtesy of Raul Botero

  6. Technical Requirements for Biodigestor pH Temperature (4) Time Ratio of water to waste Ratio of carbon to nitrogen (5)

  7. Fats and Grease Food Processing Waste Cultivation Waste Whey (without salt) Manure Biomass Relative Biogas Production (3)

  8. Effluent • Fertilizer (6) • Only 90% pathogen free • Sulabh Effluent Treatment -sedimentation -filtration -UV radiation (7) • Tilapia pond (8)

  9. (3)

  10. Scrubber • H2S - hydrogen sulfide • Corrosive to metal parts of generator • Component of biogas • Steel wool scrubber (9)

  11. Where Has it Been Used? SMALL SCALE DIGESTERS: 10,000,000 in China 5,000,000 in India 40,000 in Cambodia 5,000 in Vietnam 3,000 in Colombia 500 in Costa Rica (3)

  12. Is it Successful? • China: Yes! Helped with energy shortage problem (10) • Costa Rica: Yes! Big in rural areas (1) • Middle East: Yes! Helped improve health and safety conditions (6) • Most successful in rural areas

  13. Designs/Models – China Fixed Dome (11)

  14. Design/Model – India Floating Cover Gas Outlet Floating Gas Cover Mixing Pit Outlet Pit Slurry Fluid Level Inlet Pipe Partition Wall (12)

  15. Designs/Models- Santa Fe Women's Group –Costa Rica • Halting deforestation • Use of cow manure • Produces energy for cooking • 1.9 meters deep *1.5 meters wide * 3 meters long biodigester • 2:1 ratio of water to manure (1)

  16. Calculations 100 goats’ and 15 people’s waste can produce 10 m3 of biogas ( 3 ) 1 kW generator can run on 5.64 m3 of biogas for 12 hours per day 6 kW generator: 33.84 m3 for 12 hours/day (33.84 m3) * (1 / .4 m3/kg biomass) = 84.6 kg horse manure

  17. Calculations (continued) 30 yd3 dumpster filled to capacity 1-2 times per week (30 yd3) * (27 ft3/yd3) = 810 ft3/dumpster (810 ft3/dumpster) * (55 lbs/ft3 dry manure) = 44550 lbs manure/dumpster (44550 lbs/dumpster) * (1 kg / 2.2 lbs) = 20250 kg/dumpster (20250 kg/dumpster) * (1 / 84.6 kg/day) = 239.36 days/dumpster (13)

  18. Calculations (continued) 30 yd3 dumpster filled to capacity (1 “pull”) 1-2 times per week Barn pays for hauler per month, based on number of stalls- estimated $50-$75 dollars/stall, for 28 stalls (1400 $/month) * (1 / 8 pulls per month) = $175/pull (2100 $/month) * (1 / 4 pulls per month) = $525/pull Each pull costs the barn between $175 and $525.

  19. Our Recommendation Biogas = yes: -Carbon neutral, renewable fuel -no net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas • Considerations: • -Time -Labor • -Construction cost -Waste disposal • -Fuel source -Temperature and pH monitoring

  20. References 1 "Biodigester Design & Construction: Understanding the Basics of a Biodigester." Rural Costa Rica. 2007. Rural Costa Rica. 5 Jun 2008 <http://www.ruralcostarica.com/biodigester.html?gclid=CIil8pW8yZMCFSemQQodyUMLjQ>. 2 “3.1.2. Biogas.” Sustainable Energy Technologies Solutions for Poverty Reduction in South Asia. Inforse-Asia: The International Network for Sustainable Energy. <http://www.inforse.org//asia/M_III_biogas.htm>. 3 Arnow, Josh. "bio gas." E-mail to Alix Simnock. 28 May 2005. 4 “Biogas Digesters.” Household Energy Options. Energy for Sustainable Development (ESD) Limited. 3 June 2008 <http://igadrhep.energyprojects.net/Links/Profiles/Biogas/Biogas.html>. 5 “The biogas plant-some technical considerations.” Bioconversion of Organic Residues for Rural Communities. 1979. The United Nations University. 31 May 2008 <http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80434e/80434E0k.htm>. 6 Nagamani , B., and K. Ramasamy. "Biogas production technology: An Indian perspective." Indian Academy of Sciences. Indian Academy of Sciences. 5 Jun 2008 <http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul10/articles13.htm>. 7 Jha, P. K.. "Recycling and reuse of human excreta from public toilets through biogas generation to improve sanitation, community health and environment." United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery. United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery. 5 Jun 2008 <http://unapcaem.org/Activities%20Files/A01/Recycling%20and%20reuse%20of%20human%20excreta%20from%20public%20toilets%20through%20biogas%20generation%20to%20improve%20sanitation,%20community%20health%20and%20environment.pdf>.

  21. References (continued) 8 Todd, John. "T H E E C O - M A C H I N E: Design and Construction." Todd Ecological, Inc. - Solutions For Water Planning and Management. 2007. Todd Ecological Design, Inc.. 8 Jun 2008 <http://www.toddecological.com/ecomachines/design.html>. 9 “Biogas Scrubbing System (Eliminating Corrosive Hydrogen Sulfide Gas).” Energy Farms Network: Reliable Renewable Energy for a Post Carbon World. 2006. Post Carbon Institute. 3 June 2008 <http://www.energyfarms.net/node/401>. 10 "Sichuan's Home-Scalae Biogas Digesters". Mother Earth News. 6/5/08 <http://www.motherearthnews.com/Renewable-Energy/1981-05-01/Sichuans-Home-Scale-Biogas-Digesters.aspx>. 11 "Current Project: Small-Scale Biogas in La Florida". Appropriate Infrastructure Delegate Group. 6/5/08 <http://www.aidg.org/outreach/laflorida_biogas.htm>. 12 Beckmann, Curt. "Home biogas system (original)." Appropedia. MediaWiki. 5 Jun 2008 <http://www.appropedia.org/Home_biogas_system_%28original%29>. 13 Jokela, Bill. “Manure Spreader Calibration.” University of Vermont Extension. 9 June 2008 <www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_manure_spreader_calibration.pdf>

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