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MECHANICS OF Ankle Sprains in Sports

Kendra Sickinger. MECHANICS OF Ankle Sprains in Sports. Objectives. Anatomy orientation Surfaces Coefficient of friction Impulse Prevention. What is an ankle sprain?. Stretching or tearing of ligaments surrounding bone Ankle is in unnatural position, uneven surface, “roll in”

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MECHANICS OF Ankle Sprains in Sports

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  1. Kendra Sickinger MECHANICS OF Ankle Sprains in Sports

  2. Objectives • Anatomy orientation • Surfaces • Coefficient of friction • Impulse • Prevention

  3. What is an ankle sprain? • Stretching or tearing of ligaments surrounding bone • Ankle is in unnatural position, uneven surface, “roll in” • Grade I, II, III

  4. Anatomy Orientation

  5. Which is more common?

  6. Friction and Forces • Friction is the force that opposes efforts to slide or roll one body over another • Force needed to plant the foot • Surfaces with high coefficients of friction requires large amount of force • Higher coefficientsleads to more force to more injuries

  7. Coefficient of Friction • Rolling friction helps soccer players to determine how the ball will react on turf vs. grass • Smaller coefficient, easier for the surfaces to begin rolling or slide • Coefficient of 0.0 would indicate a frictionless surface • Friction is dependent on the force holding the surfaces together and force needed to slide one surface over • Coefficient decreases as f(max) decreases

  8. Why do ankle sprains happen? • An unnatural twisting motion • Planted awkwardly • Ground is uneven • Unusual amount of force is applied to the joint • Unaware • Supporting weight and ankle size

  9. Turf Surface • High friction between cleat and playing surface • Greater number of injuries due to friction • Hardness/sticky feeling • In 2000 created synthetic infill artificial surface (eg. FieldTurf, AstroPlay) to create less friction • How this ties to impulse F= m(Vf-Vi) T

  10. Different surfaces F= m(Vf-Vi) T

  11. Gymnastics Surface • Padded surface • Fast velocities • High impact forces • Small margin of error • Dorsiflex • Overuse

  12. Tied To Class • Learned that friction is a force that acts upon opposite direction • Too much friction can cause injury • Coefficient gets higher, more friction • Increasing friction = better performance as well as decreasing friction F= m(Vf-Vi) T Only impact on force is time

  13. Prevention • Stability/balance exercises • Ankle braces • Proper shoe • Strengthen muscles around ankle • Range of motion

  14. Conclusion • Turf vs. grass is still controversial • Force and friction • Friction surface plays a dominate role in ankle sprains in sports • Impulse equation • Never 100% prevent F= m(Vf-Vi) T

  15. References • Drakos, M. (2008). Artificial Turf: Does it Increase the Risk of Sports Injuries? Hospital for special surgery. http://www.hss.edu/conditions_artificial- turf-sports-injury-prevention.asp • Goal-Tek Innovations ltd. Soccer Safety E- Book. Turf Field Hazards (5). http://www.goal- tek.com/SoccerSafety_ch05.asp • Kinesiology: Scientific Basis of Human Motion. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. • Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma (2007) Ankle Sprains. http://www.nismat.org/ptcor/ankle_sprain • Vormittag, K., Calonje, R., & Briner, W. W. (2009) Foot and ankle injuries in the bare sports. American College of Sports Medicine, 8(5).

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