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Addressing Local Pollution Havens: Health, Economic Impact, and Environmental Justice

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This presentation discusses the implications of local pollution havens, where rich countries relocate manufacturing to poorer nations to bypass environmental regulations. Key themes include the paradox of pollution with economic incentives, the dynamics of poverty, and the risk to community health. The Environmental Justice framework emphasizes that all individuals should have equal protection from environmental hazards. By analyzing local pollution levels, economic rewards, and regulatory controls, the findings underscore the need for a balanced approach to economic growth that prioritizes environmental health and community well-being.

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Addressing Local Pollution Havens: Health, Economic Impact, and Environmental Justice

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  1. Causes and Environmental Justice Consequences of Local Pollution HavensMichele MorroneTania BastaOhio UniversityDepartment of Social and Public Health

  2. Presenter Disclosures Michele Morrone “No relationships to disclose” (1) The following personal financial relationships with commercial interests relevant to this presentation existed during the past 12 months:

  3. Ohio University • Athens, Ohio

  4. Appalachia • Ohio University

  5. Poverty Rates, 2006-2010Counties in color are above the state rate of 14.2%Counties in blue are above 20.0%Highest poverty rate: Athens County (30.3%)

  6. Environmental Justice • “…everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decision-making process to have a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work.” • USEPA

  7. Pollution Havens Hypothesis • Rich countries locate manufacturing in poor countries to avoid environmental regulations and maximize profits. • Poor countries become harbors for pollution • Rich countries maximize profits Sources: MacDermott, Raymond. 2009. "A Panel Study of the Pollution-Haven Hypothesis." Global Economy Journal 9, no. 1: 1-12. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 30, 2012); Brunnermeier, Smita B. and Arik Levinson. 2004. “Examining the Evidence on Environmental Regulations and Industry Location.” Journal of Environment & Development 13(1): 6-41

  8. Local Pollution Havens • High levels of pollution • TRI, permitted facilities • Low levels of economic rewards • Manufacturing jobs related to pollution levels • Low levels of regulatory controls Matthews, T. L. (2011). The enduring conflict of 'jobs versus the environment': local pollution havens as an integrative empirical measure of economy versus environment. Sociological Spectrum, 31(1), 59-85.

  9. County Environmental Indicators * Differences are significant to .05 Sources: USEPA, 2010 Toxic Release Inventory & Envirofacts Calculated from U.S. Census data

  10. Top 10 TRI Counties in Ohio7 Appalachian counties = 45.35% of total state releases

  11. Ohio’s Nuclear Legacy Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) “Cold standby” in 2001; cold shutdown, 2006 Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D), current

  12. X-330 --½ mile long, 33 acre roof, 2.8 million sqft X-326 – ½ mile long, 30 acre roof, 2.6 million sqft • X-333 – ¼ mile long, 33 acre roof, 2.8 million sqft

  13. PORTSFuture Timeline

  14. Biggest problems facing your community?

  15. Unemployment Rates, August 2012Counties in color are above the state rate of 6.8%PURPLE: 10% +YELLOW: 9.0-9.9%BLUE: 8.0-8.9%GRAY: 6.9-7.9%WHITE: <=6.8%Highest unemployment rate – Pike County (12.1%)

  16. Creating the Vision

  17. Smelter Heavy mfg. Health and wellness Post consumer recycling Historical park and recreation Industrial park shipping #1. INDUSTRIAL PARK Open areas Chemical products Renew. energy mfg, Medical research

  18. Public Voting Results (N=1,141)

  19. Local Pollution Havens: Expanding the Characteristics High levels of pollution Low levels of economic rewards Low levels of regulatory controls Public support and the belief that local short-term economic growth should take precedence to environmental quality

  20. Pollution, Jobs and Environmental Justice “I think they also dangle jobs, which is the economic piece. I think jobs are dangled in poor communities and you know, “We’ll come in we’ll have 500 jobs.” When we know that’s a big fat lie.”

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