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The Nervous System (Insert Dari)

The Nervous System (Insert Dari). EO 003.01 Part 6. Teaching Points (Insert Dari) . Insert Dari. Function of the Nervous System. Neurons and Nerve Signal Transmission Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders of the Nervous System In-class Assignment .

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The Nervous System (Insert Dari)

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  1. The Nervous System (Insert Dari) EO 003.01 Part 6

  2. Teaching Points(Insert Dari) • Insert Dari • Function of the Nervous System. • Neurons and Nerve Signal Transmission • Central and Peripheral Nervous System • Disorders of the Nervous System • In-class Assignment

  3. Function of the Nervous System(Insert Dari) (Insert Dari) • Three basic functions • (1) sensing changes through receptors • fullness of stomach or sun on your face • (2) interpreting those changes • (3) Reacting to those changes through: • muscle contractions • gland secretions

  4. Neurons (Insert Dari) (Insert Dari) • A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits information by electrical and chemical signals. • A neuron is composed of: • Cell body • Dendrite • Axon • Myelin sheath • A network of • neurons is called • a nerve. Dendrite (Insert Dari) Axon (Insert Dari) Cell Body (Insert Dari) Myelin Sheath (Insert Dari)

  5. How Neurons Work(Insert Dari) Each neuron receives an impulse and must pass it on to the next neuron. Nerve impulses are sent from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell. The area between the two nerve cells is called the synapse. Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

  6. Nerve Synapse (Insert Dari) (1) The nerve impulse travels from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon. (2) When the impulse reaches the axon it releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter. (3) The neurotransmitter then crosses the synapse and binds to a receptor on the dendrite of the next neuron in order to transfer the signal. Note: The synapse is a site of action for various medications.

  7. Nerve Synapse (Insert Dari) (Insert Dari)

  8. Classification of Neuronsتصنیف بندی وظیفوی حجرات عصبی • Sensory neurons • transport sensory information from skin, muscles, joints, sense organs & viscera to the brain. • Motor neurons • send motor nerve impulses to muscles & glands from the brain. • حجرات عصبی حسی (صاعده) • معلومات حسی را از جلد، عضلات و مفاصل، اعضای حسی و احشأ به سیستم عصبی مرکزی انتقال میدهد • حجرات عصبی حرکی (نازله) • سیاله های عصبی حرکی را به عضلات و غدوات انتقال میدهد

  9. Sensory Signal Transmission(Insert Dari) Insert Dari Hot water (Insert Dari) Sensory receptors sends nerve impulses via sensory neurons and spinal cord to the brain telling the brain the water temperature is too hot. (Insert Dari)

  10. Motor Signal Transmission(Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari The brain then sends information back the the muscles of the hand/arm via motor neurons to turn the temperature of the water down. (Insert Dari)

  11. How Motor and Sensory Neurons work together (Insert Dari)

  12. Nervous System Divisionsشعبات سیستم عصبی • Central nervous system (CNS) • consists of the brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers • connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors • سیستم عصبی مرکزی • شامل دماغ و نخاع شوکی است • سیستم عصبی محیطی • شامل بر اعصاب قحفی و نخاعی بوده که حاوی هر دو رشته های حسی و حرکی میباشد • سیستم عصبی مرکزی را به عضلات، غدوات و تمام آخذه ها وصل میسازد

  13. Organization of the Nervous System • CNS is brain and spinal cord • PNS is everything else • سیستم عصبی مرکزی متشکل از دماغ و نخاع شوکی است • متباقی دیگر عبارت از سیستم عصبی محیطی میباشد

  14. The Central Nervous Systemسیستم عصبی مرکزی Insert Dari Insert Dari

  15. The Brain (Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Cerebellum Insert Dari

  16. Structures of the Brain(Insert Dari) Frontal lobe- responsible for problem solving and judgment and motor function. Temporal lobe- is involved with memory and hearing Parietal lobe - manages sensation, handwriting, and body position Occipital lobe- contains the brain's visual processing system Cerebellum- is responsible for coordination and balance. Insert Dari

  17. The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves. نخاع شوکی و اعصاب نخاعی • Together with brain forms the CNS • Functions • pathway for upward and downward travel of sensory and motor information • همراه با مغز سیستم عصب مرکزی را تشکیل میدهد. • وظایف • طرق انتقال معلومات حسی و حرکی به طرف علوی و سفلی

  18. Peripheral Nervous Systemسیستم عصبی محیطی

  19. Subdivisions of the PNSشعبه بندی فرعی سیستم عصبی محیطی (Insert Dari) • Somatic nervous system • voluntary • motor neurons to skeletal muscles • Autonomic nervous systems • involuntary • from sensory neurons within organs to the brain • motor neurons to cardiac muscle and glands • sympathetic division (speeds up heart rate) • parasympathetic division (slow down heart rate) • Enteric nervous system (ENS) • sensory & motor neurons control GI tract

  20. Autonomic Nervous System (Insert Dari) Parasympathetic Sympathetic

  21. Disorders of the Nervous System(Insert Dari)

  22. Disorders of the Central Nervous System (Insert Dari) (Insert Dari) • These conditions affect the brain or spinal cord. • Stroke – an interruption of blood supply to the brain causing damage to the brain tissue. • Paralysis – loss of muscle function due to stroke or damage to the spinal cord. • Meningitis – inflammation of the membrane that protects the spinal cord and brain, caused by viral or bacterial infection.

  23. Disorders of the Central Nervous System Continued(Insert) • Dementia – a decrease in memory, attention, problem solving, decision making and understanding. This is due to aging and neuron degeneration. Insert Dari

  24. Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System (Insert Dari) • Neuropathy – damage to a nerve due to disease or trauma. • Symptoms can include pain, loss of function and numbness. • There are many different types of neuropathy. (Insert Dari)

  25. Questions? (Insert Dari)

  26. In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

  27. 1. Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?(Insert Dari) A) Sensing changes through receptors B) Modifying sensory information C) Interpreting sensory changes D) Reacting to sensory changes (Insert Dari)

  28. 1. Answer: Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?(Insert Dari) A) Sensing changes through receptors B) Modifying sensory information C) Interpreting sensory changes D) Reacting to sensory changes (Insert Dari)

  29. 2. Identify the following structures of a neuron(Insert Dari)

  30. 2. Answer: Identify the following structures of a neuron(Insert Dari) Dendrite (Insert Dari) Axon (Insert Dari) Cell Body (Insert Dari) Myelin Sheath (Insert Dari)

  31. 3. Name the two types of neurons(Insert Dari)

  32. 3. Name the two types of neurons(Insert Dari) • Sensory • Motor • (Insert Dari)

  33. 4. The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into 3 components, what are they called? (Insert Dari)

  34. 4. Answer: The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into 3 components, what are they called? (Insert Dari) Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Enteric Nervous system (Insert Dari)

  35. 5. Which of the following is not a Nervous System disorder?(Insert Dari) • Meningitis • Neuropathy • Dystrophy • Paralysis • (Insert Dari)

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