The Muscular System سیستم عضلی

1. The Muscular Systemسیستم عضلی EO 003.01 Part 5

2. Lesson Overview (insert dari) (Insert Dari) • Function of the Muscular System • Muscle tissue • How muscles produce movement. • Tendons and ligaments • Principal muscles. • Disorders of the muscular system. • In-class assignment

3. Function of the Muscular System(Insert Dari) Permits movement of the human body. The muscular system is controlled by the nervous system. Movement is either: • Voluntary (i.e. running) – consciously aware of movement. • Involuntary (i.e. heart muscle contraction) – cannot be moved by conscious thought. Insert Dari

4. Where we find muscle tissues in the body (Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

5. Skeletal Muscle Composition (Insert Dari) Muscles are composed of muscle bundles, which contains many muscle fibres. A muscle fibre is a single skeletal muscle cell. Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Muscle bundle Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

6. Skeletal Muscle Cells (Insert Dari) (insert dari) Each muscle cell contains myofibrils which are composed two types of myofilaments: Thick (myosin protein) Thin (actin protein) These components allow for contraction of muscle tissue. Muscle Cell (Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari

7. Muscle Tissue Contraction(Insert Dari) Thick and thin filaments are arranged in alternating rows. When a muscle contracts the thick and thin filaments move past eachother until their ends are almost touching. Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

8. The Muscular System Movement سیستم عضلات

9. Voluntary Muscle Movement (Insert Dari) When muscle movement is required the brain sends a signal to the muscle causing the muscle fibre to contract. Insert Dari Will be covered in more detail during the Nervous System lecture. Insert Dari Bicep muscle contracting Insert Dari

10. Lever Systems and Leverageسیستم اهرمی و شیوه بکار برده اهرمی • Muscle acts on rigid rod (bone)that moves around a fixed point called a fulcrum • Resistance is weight of bodypart & perhaps an object • Effort or load is work doneby muscle contraction

11. عضله بالای یک میله (عظم) عمل مینماید که بدور یک نکته ثابت حرکت مینماید و بنام fulcrum یا نقطه اتکاه یاد میگردد. • در مقابل بخشی از وزن بدن مقاومت نموده و ممکن است هم یک هدف باشد. • کوشش یا فشار در حقیقت کاری انجام شده توسط تقلص عضلی میباشد. • فواید میخانیکی

12. Coordination Within Muscle Groupsهماهنگی در بین گروپهای عضلی Most movement is the result of multiple muscles working together. Insert Dari Flexed (insert dari) Extended (insert dari)

13. Tendons and Ligaments(Insert Dari) Tendon – a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. Ligament – fibrous tissue that joins bone to bone. Insert Dari

14. Major Muscles of the Human Body(Insert Dari)

15. Students are responsible to know these muscles Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

16. Disorders of the Muscular System (Insert Dari) • (Insert Dari) • Muscle/Tendon/Ligament injuries (strains and tears) • Muscular atrophy • Rhabdomyolysis

17. Muscle/Tendon/Ligament Injuries(Insert Dari) Insert Dari Strain (pulled muscle) – an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibres tear as a result of overstretching. Sprain – an injury to a ligament in which the fibres tear as a result of overstretching. Muscle spasm – an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Commonly called a muscle cramp, which brings on sudden pain and contraction of the muscle.

18. Atrophyلاغرى (اتروفى) Wasting away of muscles caused by: • disuse • severing of the nerve supply • ضايع شدن عضلات که به سبب • عدم استفاده از آن (لاغرى استفادۀ نا مناسب) • قطع منبع عصبى (لاغرى از بين رفتن عصب) • تغير در انساج ارتباطى برگشت نا پذير است.

19. Rhabdomyolysis(Insert Dari) (insert dari) • associated with rapid skeletal muscle destruction • may lead to kidney failure • symptoms include muscle weakness, stiffness, and pain • Some medications can cause this to occur.

20. Questions? (Insert Dari)

21. In-class assignment(insert dari)

22. 1.What are the three types of muscle cells? ? ? ?

23. 1. Answer(Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

24. 2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of?(Insert Dari) • Fats • Proteins • DNA • Water • (InsertDari)

25. 2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of?(Insert Dari) • Fats • Proteins • DNA • Water • (InsertDari)

26. 3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle moving independent of other muscles, true or false? (Insert Dari)

27. 3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle acting independent of other muscles, true or false? (Insert Dari) Answer: False Most movement is the result of multiple muscles working at the same time.

28. 4. Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction?(Insert Dari) Atrophy Relaxation Rhabdomylosis Contraction (Insert Dari)

29. 4. Answer: Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction?(Insert Dari) Atrophy Hypertrophy Rhabdomylosis Contraction (Insert Dari)

30. 5. Identify the following muscles:(Insert Dari) 8. 9. 1. 2. 10. 11. 3. 4. 12. 5. 6. 7.

31. 5. Answer 8. Insert Dari 9. Insert Dari 1. Insert Dari 2. Insert Dari 10. Insert Dari 3. Insert Dari 11.Insert Dari 4. Insert Dari 12. Insert Dari 5. Insert Dari 6. Insert Dari 7. Insert Dari