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Aim: How did religious conflicts lead to a civil war in France?

Aim: How did religious conflicts lead to a civil war in France?. Treaty of Cateau-Camrésis (1559) Ends the Hapsburg-Valois War The Hapsburgs win! As a result, Spain/HRE will dominate Italy, not France.

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Aim: How did religious conflicts lead to a civil war in France?

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  1. Aim: How did religious conflicts lead to a civil war in France? • Treaty of Cateau-Camrésis (1559) • Ends the Hapsburg-Valois War • The Hapsburgs win! As a result, Spain/HRE will dominate Italy, not France. • Despite this treaty, religious differences between Catholics and Protestants will lead to riots, civil wars and international conflicts for the next century.

  2. French monarchy in the 1500s – Firmly Catholic! • Rulers want to centralize their authority and raise money • Francis I (1515-1547): Taille tax on land, ballis and seneschals sent to enforce royal law, Concordat of Bologna (1516). • Henry II (1547-1559): Continues the policies of his father.

  3. Rise of Calvinism in France • About 10 percent of the French population converts to Calvinism (call themselves Huguenots), including: • Reform-minded Catholic clergymen • Many French nobles (led by Henry of Navarre and Admiral Coligney) • Urban merchants, artisans, shopkeepers What were Calvin’s views about government? Why will they lead to great conflict in France?

  4. Outbreak of Civil War • Henry II dies in 1559, followed by his three weak sons • Francis II (1559-1560) • Charles IX (1560-1574) • Henry III (1574-1589) • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (August 24, 1572): • Henry of Navarre plans to bring peace between Catholics and Huguenots by marrying the king’s sister Margaret of Valois. • Huguenot wedding guests in Paris (including Admiral Coligney) end up being slaughtered by militant Catholics (led by Henry of Guise). • Rioting spreads from Paris to other cities and provinces  12,000 Huguenots killed in five days. Dominated by their mother Catharine de Medici Do not provide the strong leadership to keep Calvinist nobles and violent protesters in check

  5. Civil War  War of the Three Henrys (1573- 1589) Henry III (Catholic King of France) vs. Henry of Navarre (leader of the Calvinists) vs. Henry of Guise (Catholic noble who wants to overthrow the Valois dynasty, become king).

  6. Resolution (1588-1589) • Henry III and Henry of Guise are both assassinated. Henry of Navarre rises to power  becomes King Henry IV (1589-1610). Valois dynasty is now over, Bourbon Dynasty begins. • Henry IV saves France from civil war through religious compromise: • He will convert to Catholicism, keep this the official religion of France. • Issues the Edict of Nantes (1589): Huguenots are granted freedom of religion in 150 fortified towns.

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