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The Evolution of Harlem: From the Renaissance to Struggles of the 1960s

This exploration of Harlem delves into its rich cultural history during the Harlem Renaissance, highlighting influential figures like W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes, and Duke Ellington. In the 1920s and 1930s, Harlem thrived as an intellectual and artistic center, fostering creativity and community among its residents. However, the Great Depression and subsequent years brought significant decline, leading to impoverished conditions by the 1960s. Amidst the backdrop of racial struggles, leaders like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. emerged, representing different philosophies on race and integration.

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The Evolution of Harlem: From the Renaissance to Struggles of the 1960s

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Historical Background of

  2. W.E.Duboise American Scholar and Activist and Founder of the NAACP

  3. Harlem in the 20’s and 30’sWas the Center of an Intellectual and Cultural Movement.

  4. The Harlem Renaissance • Residents were well off financially • They supported Churches like The African Methodist Episcopal Zion • Newpapers: “The Messenger” • Magazines: “Crisis” • People were social • Clubs like the Cotton Club, Savoy and Apollo Theatre were known as first class entertainment.

  5. Bill “Bojangles” Robinson • Great Tap Dancer • King of Harlem

  6. Tons of Culture • Writers: Langston Hughes • Artists: Jacob Lawrence • Musicians: Fats Waller and Duke Ellington • All contributed to this incredible creative time.

  7. Duke Ellington

  8. Then the Great Depression Hit

  9. World War II Happened

  10. Over the Next 20 Years: 1960’s • Housing conditions deteriorated • There were extensive slums • The middle class left for suburban areas like Queens • It’s an impoverished Harlem that children have to grow up in.

  11. This Is What Harlem Had Become

  12. Types of Housing in HarlemIn the 1960’s

  13. African Americans struggled with the question of trying to live with whites or separating from them. Marcus Garvey led one of the first popular black nationalist movements

  14. Discrimination Reflects the Culture of the Time

  15. Dominating the Nationalist SceneIn Harlem in the 1960’s • Malcolm X • Started the Organization of Afro-American Unity • Believed in Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam

  16. These Teachings were also at the time of : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. • King Taught : A Peaceful integration

  17. Malcolm Xtaught a very different philosophy

  18. Race is complicated during this time period • There is white racism against blacks • Racial slurs by blacks against blacks • Racial slurs against Jews. (Remember this is only 15-20 years after WWII)

  19. As You Read Watch for These Racial Issues: • The Poverty of Harlem • Racism • Black Nationalism • Importance of Black Churches • Integration • Movement of Middle Class Blacks Out of Harlem.

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