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Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar. The Dictator. Julius Caesar. Ambitious military commander Started by conquering Gaul Scared some people; too powerful. Caesar’s Disobedience. Pompey, another general, persuaded the Senate to bring him back to Rome Caesar ignored the order Sent army to northern Italy.

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Julius Caesar

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  1. Julius Caesar The Dictator

  2. Julius Caesar • Ambitious military commander • Started by conquering Gaul • Scared some people; too powerful

  3. Caesar’s Disobedience • Pompey, another general, persuaded the Senate to bring him back to Rome • Caesar ignored the order • Sent army to northern Italy

  4. Caesar Was Too Powerful • Caesar was too powerful for Pompey, defeating him and then moving on throughout the country to defeat anyone else who was against him

  5. “VeniVidiVici!” • “Veni, vidi, vici”—“I came, I saw, I conquered” • Ultimately forced the senate to make him Dictator of Rome • Would become the absolute ruler of Rome

  6. Caesar’s Reforms • Started a program of public works to employ the jobless and give public land to the poor • Reorganized the government and granted Roman citizenship to more people

  7. Most Lasting Reform • Most important and lasting reform was his introduction of a new calendar based on the Egyptians • Julian calendar • Still used today

  8. The Plot Against Caesar • Caesar had many enemies • Began to plot against him

  9. Death of Caesar • March of 44 B.C., he was stabbed to death in the senate • The Ides of March • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FvgP5hO99o

  10. Civil Wars Follow • Mark Antony, Caesar’s chief general, and Octavian, his grandnewphew joined forces to hunt down the murderers • But they too would soon find disagreement and fight for power • Octavian would ultimately defeat Antony

  11. Age of the Roman Empire The Rise of Augustus

  12. The Roman Empire: 27 BCE – 476 CE • Octavian was given the title of Augustus or Exalted One • The republic came to end during his rule after 500 years • It was now time for the Roman empire

  13. Builds Stable Government • Ordered a census population count • Set up a postal service • Created a coin currency • Used the unemployed to build roads and temples

  14. One Recurring Issue • Romans did not agree with power passing from father to son, so the death of an Emperor often brought violence • There was one question that kept coming up…Who would rule after an Emperor died?

  15. Successors • Not all of Augustus’s successors were great rulers, in fact, two were considered evil and perhaps insane • Caligula and Nero

  16. Caligula • Caligula appointed his favorite horse as consul • Thought he was a god

  17. Nero • Persecutor of Christians • Blamed for setting a fire that destroyed Rome • His death was celebrated by the people

  18. “Good Emperors” • Hadrian • Made Roman law same for all provinces • Built a wall across Britain to hold back attackers

  19. PaxRomana • “Roman Peace • 200 years • Plenty of trade, food, culture

  20. Distractions of Entertainment • Circus Maximus Rome’s largest racecourse, chariots would thunder around an oval track

  21. Gladiator Contests • Most popular form of entertainment • Usually slaves that had been trained to fight

  22. Two Outcomes • Was possible for them to win their freedom if they were good enough • A poor showing, shown by the crowd giving a thumbs down, could mean death

  23. Why a Distraction? • Entertainment was used as a means to pacify the citizens, because there were still many social and economic problems

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