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The Path to War

The Path to War. Kellogg Briand Pact. 1928 – “General Treaty for the Renunciation of War” International Repudiates War Remains a binding treaty What does this treaty reflect?. 8 Steps to War: SCRAMCUP. S aar Valley C onscription & Rearmament R hineland A nchluss M unich

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The Path to War

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  1. The Path to War

  2. Kellogg Briand Pact • 1928 – “General Treaty for the Renunciation of War” • International • Repudiates War • Remains a binding treaty What does this treaty reflect?

  3. 8 Steps to War: SCRAMCUP Saar Valley Conscription & Rearmament Rhineland Anchluss Munich Czechoslovakia USSR/Nazi Pact (Non-Agression Pact) Poland

  4. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) S Saar Plebiscite SAAR PLEBISCITE • Saar Valley controlled by League of Nations • 1935 – Plebiscite • Propaganda opportunity for Hitler • Results? • After plebiscite: Hitler said no more demands (from France) • First step to war.

  5. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) C Conscription CONSCRIPTION & REARMAMENT • 1935 – Hitler reintroduced conscription • Violation of Treaty • Britain & France react by…

  6. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) R Rhineland RHINELAND • Treaty banned… • 1936 - Germany remilitarizes Rhineland • France & Britain’s reaction…

  7. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) A Anschluss ANSCHLUSS (AUSTRIA) • Anschluss = ‘Link Up’ • Initially Hitler wants union • Then… Invasion March 1938 • Violates treaty • France & Britain…

  8. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) M Munich Conference MUNICH CONFERENCE • Hitler demanded Sudetenland • Sudetenland = borders of Czechoslovakia, mainly inhabited by ethnic Germans • 1938 • First: Hitler demands union w/ Germany • Second: Hitler plans invasion.

  9. MUNICH CONFERENCE WHO? • Adolf Hitler • Benito Mussolini • Neville Chamberlin (PM of Great Britain) • Eduoard Daladier (PM of France At Munich Conference • Lebensraum (‘living space’) – Hitler demands Sudetenland Munich Pact • Permits Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. • Hitler promised to go no further – no further territorial expansion. Legacy • Appeasement!!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YK0d8ENS__c

  10. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) C Czechoslovakia CZECHOSLOVAKIA • 1939 – Germany invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. • Britain outraged • Begin to realize that war was only method to stop Hitler.

  11. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) U USSR/Nazi Pact USSR/NAZI PACT (Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact) • By ’39 Hitler wants to invade Poland • Fears repercussions • August 1939 – • Germans & Russia agree not to fight. • Hitler wanted to prevent war with Russia, Great Britain & France

  12. 8 Steps to War (SCRAMCUP) P Poland POLAND Polish Corridor & Danzig • 1939 – • First –Demanded union with Danzig • Second - Hitler threatened war. • Chamberlain promised to protect Poles from German invasion • September 1, 1939 :: Hitler invaded Poland. • Great Britain & France declare war on Germany.

  13. Phony War • After the invasion of Poland until the Battle of France in May 1940 • Lack of major military operations • Declarations of war but no major attacks

  14. US Responds to Hitler Neutrality Acts 1935 • embargo on arms trade 1937 • Cash & Carry: • Quarantine Speech: "quarantining" all aggressors. • “Moral embargo" on exports of aircraft to Japan. 1939 = Roosevelt  Neutrality was ‘passive aid’ …but US remains neutral

  15. End of U.S. Neutrality: Europe • Lend-Lease Act – March 1941- US neutrality ends • U.S. to lend or give war materials to allied nations. • German Submarine attacks = Shoot on Sight policy

  16. End of U.S. Neutrality: Europe The Atlantic Conference (August ’41) • Meeting: US (Roosevelt) & Great Britain (Winston Churchill) Atlantic Charter: • Blueprint for post-war world. • Outlines the goal for the Allies • Goals/Desires for Allied Powers 1. No territorial gain from war 2. Self-determination of peoples 3. Live without want 4. General world security

  17. End of U.S. Neutrality: Asia • Japan lacked natural resources • To get resources = challenge European colonies • Eyed Dutch East Indies • August 1941: US oil embargo • US had supplied 80% of Japanese oil imports • Leads to Pearl Harbor attack

  18. End of U.S. Neutrality: Asia • December 7th, 1941 - Empire of Japan attacked the US • Admiral Yamamoto: Planned attack • Americans had 96 vessels at P.H. • The attack took place in two waves • Began at 7:53, concluded by 9:55 • Attack successful – Cripples US fleet

  19. War! • December 8th, 1941 - US declares war on Japan • December 11th, 1941 – Germany & Italy declare war on US • U.S. responded with a declaration of war

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