Analyzing primary sources : * Describe how each of the primary

1. 904-911* Interpret primary sources. * Describe the steps which led to the Russian Revolution.

2. Analyzing primary sources:* Describe how each of the primary • source documents illustrate a particular • problem, issue or tension in Russia: • 1. “Souls at Stake” 1860 • 2. “The White Livered Czar” 1905 • 3. “Liquidation of the Kulaks” 1929 • 4. “You Were Always…” 1955 • 5. “Russian Royal House” 1915-16

3. Factors Leading to the Fall of Tsarist Russia Immediate Causes • Russian Army lacked supplies for WWI • Tsar resisted calls to share power with the Duma, so leadership was divided. • Nicholas goes to the war front leaving Rasputin the“MadMonk” to advise Alexandra in 9/1915. • Won their trust by claiming to be able to cure their son of hemophilia • Finally in 12/1916 a group of military generals assassinate Rasputin. • Strikes, riots and a mutiny in the army break out during the winterof 1916-17 St. Petersburg due to shortages. Rasputin

4. Factors Leading to the Fall of Tsarist Russia Long Term Causes Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Oppression of the serfs Class inequalities Autocracy of tsars Defeat in Crimean War Rise of Marxism

5. Revolution ! • Abdication of Nicholas II in March,1917. • The Duma forms a “Provisional Government” in Russia to replace the Czar in May, 1917: • Provisional Government led by Socialist Alexander Kerensky. • It also shared power with the Petrograd Soviet. • “Army Order No. 1” which stripped all officers of their authority, placing command in the hands of “elected” committees of common soldiers.

6. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Vladimir Lenin • Background • Political ideas included: • Violent Marxist revolution • Socialist revolution even in a backward Russia could occur • “Human leadership” made revolution • Lenin faced opposition to his party from within: • Bolsheviks were the majority (Lenin’s group) who wanted a small, elitist, disciplined party. • Mensheviks wanted more of a democratic party with mass membership • 4/1917, the Germans smuggle Lenin back into Russia. • Leads a failed coup to overthrow Kerensky’s government 7/1917and then goes into hiding. • Kornilov Rebellion fails in 9/1917 but further weakens the Provisional Government of Kerensky.

7. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • 11/1917 Leon Trotsky of the Petrograd Soviet seizes power from Provisional Government and turns control over to Lenin.

8. Reasons for Bolshevik success: • Bolsheviks came to power because: • Bolsheviks provided an answer to anarchy • Superior leadership • Appealed to those exhausted by war • Kept power through: • Legalized peasant seizures of land • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3/1918) ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. • Dispersed by FORCE the Constituent Assembly when their rivals, the“SocialRevolutionaries” won a majority in the Constituent Assembly.

9. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Civil War erupts 1918-21 between the “Whites” and “Reds”, the Reds win due to: • Used “War Communism” • White opponents were divided • Trotsky created a superior army • Bosheviks used Cheka to instill terror among the population. • Allied intervention against the Bolsheviks increased Russian nationalism.

10. Turn to the last page of the handout: • Part B: “Every successful revolution puts on in time the robes of the tyrant it has deposed.”

11. Long Terms Effects • Establishment of communist state • New economic policy • Formation of USSR • Dictatorship under Communist party • Later (much later), the seeds of Cold War!