Chapter 4 Test Review 2011

1. Chapter 4 Test Review2011

2. 1 Which event led to the meeting of the First Continental Congress? a. the publication of Common Sense b. the “shot heard round the world” c. the closing of the port of Boston d. the rejection of the Olive Branch Petition

3. c.the closing of the port of Boston

4. 2 What was the main issue debated during the Second Continental Congress? a. whether to seek a peaceful or violent solution b. how to plan a surprise attack against Britain c. how to convert more colonists to the Patriot cause d. whether foreign allies would be beneficial

5. a.whether to seek a peaceful or violent solution

6. 3 How did King George’s reaction to the Declaration of Rights affect the relationship between Britain and the colonies? a. It assured the colonists that Britain sought a peaceful solution. b. It proved to the colonists that Britain would not listen to reason. c. It convinced the colonists that they were not ready to challenge Britain. d. It reminded the colonists that they were British citizens entitled to rights.

7. b.It proved to the colonists that Britain would not listen to reason.

8. 4 On the night of April 18, 1775, a force of 700 British soldiers left Boston in search of a major colonial weapons storehouse rumored to be located where? a. Concord b. Lexington c. Bunker Hill d. Cambridge

9. a.Concord

10. 5 When the Minutemen faced the British Redcoats at the start of the Battle of Lexington, why did their captain yell, “Don’t fire unless fired upon a. He wanted to hear the “shot heard round the world.” b. He wanted to defend against attack, not start a war. c. He wanted to reserve ammunition for future conflicts. d. He wanted to lure his enemies peaceably back to Boston.

11. b.He wanted to defend against attack, not start a war.

12. 6 What member of the Second Continental Congress had defended the soldiers that had been accused of murder as a result of the Boston Massacre? a. Samuel Adams b. Patrick Henry c. James Otis Jr. d. John Adams

13. d.John Adams

14. 7 As George Washington prepared to lead the colonists against the British, Congress a. attempted to make peace with King George III. b. prepared the troops for a fierce battle. c. invested in a dozen new cannons. d. released 250 British war prisoners.

15. a.attempted to make peace with King George III.

16. 8 What effect did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense have on colonial leaders? a. It caused them to reject Enlightenment ideas. b. It inspired them to challenge British authority. c. It explained to them the good sense of monarchy. d. It persuaded them to modify British laws.

17. b.It inspired them to challenge British authority.

18. 9 Why did Thomas Paine think that citizens should make laws? a. He believed that kings were incapable of passing laws. b. He felt people had a natural right to govern themselves. c. Thomas Jefferson and other leaders had influenced him. d. Great Britain had shown this method to be effective.

19. b.He felt people had a natural right to govern themselves.

20. 10 Why might the ideas in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense have been considered bold at the time? a. Citizens of other nations had tried and failed to govern themselves. b. Most of the world upheld a free market economy. c. Most of the world was still ruled by monarchs. d. Citizens of other nations had never heard of democracy.

21. c.Most of the world was still ruled by monarchs.

22. 11 Why did Thomas Jefferson feel the colonists had the right to break away from Great Britain? a. Jefferson did not believe in any form of government. b. Great Britain did not protect the rights of the colonists. c. Jefferson did not agree that social contracts should be obeyed. d. Great Britain no longer showed a desire to govern the colonists.

23. b.Great Britain did not protect the rights of the colonists.

24. 12 Why was the phrase “taxation without representation” so important to the revolutionary cause? a. Colonists did not wish to support a government in which they had no voice. b. Great Britain would have ended taxation if colonists had kept the peace. c. Colonists believed that Great Britain should only tax certain items. d. Great Britain only taxed the colonists to force them into war.

25. a.Colonists did not wish to support a government in which they had no voice.

26. 13 The Declaration of Independence raised questions about slavery because a. the colonial leaders did not believe slavery should be legal. b. it ensured that slaves would have to fight in the Revolution. c. it proposed passing laws that would grant rights to slaves. d. its message was not consistent with the practice of slavery.

27. d.its message was not consistent with the practice of slavery.

28. 14 Which group felt the colonies did not need independence? a. Loyalists b. Patriots c. Minutemen d. mercenaries

29. a.Loyalists

30. 15 Why did thousands of African-American slaves sign on with the British Army? a. George Washington would not pay them for service to the revolutionary army. b. The British offered freedom to any slave who served in their army. c. British forces were better trained and equipped than American forces. d. British forces pledged to put an end to the institution of slavery in America.

31. b.The British offered freedom to any slave who served in their army

32. 16 Before the battle in New Jersey, why did many Patriot leaders favor a defensive war? a. Their actions could then be justified. b. They could make a quicker retreat. c. Their supplies would last longer. d. They could exhaust the enemy sooner.

33. c.Their supplies would last longer.

34. 17 Why was winning the battle in New Jersey so important to George Washington? a. The one-year contract many of his soldiers were fighting under was due to expire, and he knew soldiers would not reenlist in a losing army. b. The supply of cash Congress had given him was running low, and mercenaries from the German state of Hesse were threatening to flee. c. He had retreated across the Delaware into Pennsylvania, and if he didn’t come through with a victory his political career would be over. d. He had chosen a defensive approach to war, and the fact that he’d suffered severe losses as a result made him look like a poor leader.

35. a.The one-year contract many of his soldiers were fighting under was due to expire, and he knew soldiers would not reenlist in a losing army.

36. 18 The Battle of Trenton was different from previous battles because the Patriots a. emerged victorious. c. took prisoners. b. went on the offensive. d. fought at night.

37. b.went on the offensive.

38. 19 Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point for the Patriots? a. The Patriots realized they did not need foreign allies. b. The Patriots saved the army from losing enlisted men. c. The Patriots got a Prussian to train the Continental Army. d. The Patriots gained the support of France and Spain.

39. d.The Patriots gained the support of France and Spain.

40. 20 Why was the Marquis de Lafayette interested in the American Revolution? a. He wanted to turn other nations away from Enlightenment ideas. b. He was interested in obtaining land west of the thirteen colonies. c. He believed in the rights of all nations to govern themselves. d. He had been hired by the Patriots to fight as a mercenary.

41. c.He believed in the rights of all nations to govern themselves.

42. 21 How was France’s interest in the revolution important from a financial standpoint? a. The French tried to repurchase land they had lost in the French and Indian War. b. Once they believed that the Patriots could win the war, the French provided monetary aid c. France would not allow its military to serve without pay. d. France introduced its economic system to the colonists.

43. b.Once they believed that the Patriots could win the war, the French provided monetary aid

44. 22 Why was the winter at Valley Forge such a difficult time for the Continental Army? a. The army lacked protection and supplies. b. The army began to turn against the revolution. c. The army lost several important battles. d. The army refused to drill and train.

45. a.The army lacked protection and supplies.

46. 23 What challenges did the Patriots face at sea? a. Their naval fleet was old and in disrepair. b. Their sailors were malnourished and many were sick. c. They had too few ships to fight large battles against the British. d. Their sailors were brave but had difficulty following orders.

47. c.They had too few ships to fight large battles against the British.

48. 24 What was the importance of the War in the West during the American Revolution? a. They conquered all of the British forts enabling them to take control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers b. Though they were not able to take the British strongholds, but they were able to undermine the British support system c. Their Colonial generals were far superior to the British leaders which enabled them to control all the large cities in the Ohio River Valley d. The Native Americans in the area all helped the colonists, because they wanted to get the British out hoping that the British colonies would go away with them

49. b.Though they were not able to take the British strongholds, but they were able to undermine the British support system

50. 25 Who was nicknamed “the Swamp Fox,” and why? a. John Paul Jones, because his wiliness in capturing the British warship Serapis reminded his crew of a fox b. George Rogers Clark, because he led wet troops through the Wabash River to victory at the Battle of Vincennes c. George Washington, because his red hair shone like a fox’s coat as he led his men across the Delaware River d. Francis Marion, because of his stealth and lightning speed in carrying out guerrilla warfare in the South