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Range-of-Motion and Flexibility

ROM. DefinitionWhen a body segment or limb is moved through the full motion possible by either internal or external forcesNO OVERPRESSUREGeneral InfluencesJoint StructureMusculatureBody TypeCongenital Factors. Flexibility. Ability to move a single joint or series of joints though an unres

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Range-of-Motion and Flexibility

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    1. Range-of-Motion and Flexibility

    2. ROM Definition When a body segment or limb is moved through the full motion possible by either internal or external forces NO OVERPRESSURE General Influences Joint Structure Musculature Body Type Congenital Factors

    3. Flexibility Ability to move a single joint or series of joints though an unrestricted, pain-free ROM USE OVERPRESSURE Factor Limiting Flexibility Muscle, bone, fat skin

    4. Mechanical Properties Affecting Elongation of Connective Tissue (CT) Composition of CT Types of CT Collagen Elastic Viscoelastic Plasticity

    5. Physical Properties of CT Affecting ROM and Flexibility Creep Stress-Strain Curve Hooke’s Law Toe Elastic Yield Point Plastic Failure Hysteresis

    6. Properties of Contractile Tissue Affecting Elongation of CT Muscle Components Neurophysiological Properties Muscle Spindles GTO’s Response to Stretch

    7. Factors Limiting Flexibility Contractures Types of Contractures Immobilization General Changes Effects on Muscle Tissue Effects on Articular Cartilage Effects on Periarticular Tissue Effects of Remobilization

    8. ROM Techniques Passive ROM Indications Limitations

    9. ROM Techniques Active ROM Indications Limitations

    10. ROM Techniques Active Assistive ROM Indications Limitations

    11. Stretching Techniques Goals Precautions Contraindications Ballistic Concerns

    12. Stretching Techniques Passive (Static) Manual or mechanical Manual Benefits Mechanical Benefits Ballistic vs Passive

    13. Stretching Techniques Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Contract Relax Move in agonist pattern Isometric contraction of muscle to be stretched Relax contracting muscle Move through ROM until feel resistance Autogenic inhibition

    14. Stretching Techniques Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Hold Relax Isometric contraction of antagonist muscle Followed by concentric contraction of agonist muscle Overpressure by ATC Both autogenic and reciprocal inhibition

    15. Stretching Techniques Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Slow-reversal-hold-relax isotonic contraction of agonist Isometric contraction of antagonist during push phase Antagonist is relaxed as agonist is contracting ATC applies over pressure during relaxation phase Precautions to PNF

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