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Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards in Earthquake Engineering

Learn about the critical importance of building codes and standards in safeguarding infrastructure from earthquakes. Explore case studies from Haiti, Chile, and Christchurch, highlighting the impact of standards on casualty rates and building performance. Discover the key elements of seismic performance matrices and the necessity of consistent standards for lifelines in ensuring overall infrastructure resilience. Understand the significance of ongoing updates and robust enforcement of codes and standards post-earthquake events. Enhance your knowledge to contribute to the establishment of national standards for infrastructure protection.

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Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards in Earthquake Engineering

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  1. Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards John HooperDirector of Earthquake EngineeringMagnusson Klemencic Associates

  2. Haiti—January 12, 2010 • Over 220,000 casualties • Over 300,000 homes damage/destroyed • Over 1.5 M people affected • No Codes or Standards MW 7.0

  3. Chile—February 27, 2010 • Under 500 casualties • Estimated damage: $30B US • Building Codes and Standards similar to US MW 8.8

  4. Performance of Chilean Buildings Post 1985 • Buildings that collapsed: 4 (approximately) • Buildings to be demolished: 50 (estimated) • Number of buildings 9+ stories: 1,939 • Failures of 9+ stories: 2.8%

  5. Crushed Concrete Walls at Transition Zones

  6. Poorly Detailed Concrete Walls

  7. Christchurch—February 22, 2011 • 181 deaths • Estimate damage: $16B • Aftershock intensity exceeded the initial earthquake • Modern building codes and standards MW6.3

  8. Transect of approximately 300 buildings was accurate for nearly 4000.

  9. Grand Chancellor • Reinforced concrete • 19 stories • mid-1980s • Core wall (up to 7th story) • Perimeter frame (above 7th story) Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood and EERI

  10. Grand Chancellor East Face South Face Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood & EERI

  11. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  12. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  13. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  14. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  15. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  16. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  17. Building Seismic Performance Matrix

  18. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  19. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  20. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  21. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels New Essential Facilities/Enhanced Retrofit Objective Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  22. Other Infrastructure Codes & Standards • Bridges • Life safe performance, on par with buildings • Lifelines (water, sewer, gas, power, etc.) • No consistent, national standards • Performance will be inconsistent

  23. Summary • Building Codes and Standards (and their enforcement) make a difference • Continued Code/Standard updates are essential • Analysis • Physical Research • Earthquake Reconnaissance • Need to establish consistent standards for Lifelines • Is Life Safety Performance adequate?

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