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Cluster or Network? An Emulation Facility for Research. Jay Lepreau Chris Alfeld David Andersen (MIT) Mac Newbold Rob Place Kristin Wright Dept. of Computer Science University of Utah http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/testbed/ February 3, 2000. Research We Do.
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Cluster or Network?An Emulation Facility for Research Jay Lepreau Chris AlfeldDavid Andersen (MIT) Mac NewboldRob Place Kristin Wright Dept. of Computer ScienceUniversity of Utah http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/testbed/ February 3, 2000
Research We Do • Operating systems, local and distributed • Distributed systems • Web caching schemes, distributed objects, ... • Active Networks • code in every packet: route me! • Configurable router • Router operating systems
What? • A configurable Internet (cluster) in a room • 230 nodes, 1000 links, BFS (switch) • virtualizable topology, links, software • An instrument for experimental CS research • Universally available to any remote experimenter • Simple to use!
Why? • “We evaluated our system on five nodes.” -job talk from university with 300-node cluster • “We evaluated our Web proxy design with 10 clients on 100Mbit ethernet.” • “Simulation results indicate ...” • “Memory and CPU demands on the individual nodes were not measured, but we believe will be modest.” • “The authors ignore interrupt handling overhead in their evaluation, which likely dominates all other costs.” • “Resource control remains an open problem.”
Why 2 • “You have to know the right people to get access to the cluster.” • “The cluster is hard to use.” • “<Experimental network X> runs FreeBSD 2.2.x.” • “October’s schedule for <experimental network Y> is…” • “<Experimental network Z> is tunneled through the Internet”
Complementary to Other Experimental Environments • Simulation • Small static testbeds • Live networks • Maybe someday, a large scale set of distributed small testbeds (“Access”)
Some Unique Characteristics • Significant scale: initially 225 nodes, degree four 100Mb links between 42 core routers. • User-configurable control of “physical” characteristics: shaping of link latency/bandwidth/drops/errors(via invisibly interposed “shaping nodes”),router processing power, buffer space, … • Node breakdown: 42 core, 160 edge, 26 shaping, 2 management
More Unique Characteristics • Capture of low-level node behavior such as interrupt load and memory bandwidth • User-replaceable node OS software • User-configurable physical link topology(VLAN via BFS; “P-LAN” via BFPP) • Completely configurable and usable by external researchers, including node power cycling
Feature:Automatic mapping of desired topologies and characteristics to physical resources • Algorithm goals: • minimize likelihood of experimental artifacts (bottlenecks) • “optimal” packing of multiple simultaneous experiments • Complete in finite time! • Constraint-based heuristic algorithm (version 2!) • Feature: accepts ns-compatible specification
Current Algorithm • Simulated annealing • Make random change (move node from one switch to another), compute score, accept/reject based on current temp. • Heuristic algorithm • ~ 4 seconds for 30 nodes; polynomial • Improve: • Hardwired node connections will slow it down x100 • Edge nodes • Speed - incremental score recomputation
Research Applications • Simulation validation • Active networks • Resource demands of services inside routers • Denial-of-service resistance • Interaction of adaptive applications and protocols • All sorts of distributed system experiments • ...
Research Applications (continued) • Detailed performance monitoring and analysis • Relationships between {node, link, topology} characteristics and • Application performance • Task scheduling and assignment • Communication software • Application algorihms • ….
Study: Interconnection Techniques • Point-to-point vs.always through a switch • Salmon et al (Caltech) • Cost vs. performance • Of most interest on large clusters • Locality of communication patterns • Interference with local processing • Ad hoc mobile networking
Research Issues and Other Challenges • Calibration, validation, and scaling: how to emulate different speed networks? Scaling behavior of emulating faster links by slowing nodes? • Can we sufficiently capture real router internal behavior in a PC? • Assuring validity: detecting switch bottlenecks, measuring and controlling physical characteristics without introducing artifacts. • Algorithms and software to map requirements to resources while minimizing artifacts. • Integrate with ns? • Providing a reasonable user interface to all this.
Final Remarks • Should be limping next month • Looking for feedback on your potential use • Looking for early users • Collaborators/clients: UU Physics, CMU CS, MIT CS, Georgia Tech, IBM research • Sponsors: University of Utah, Novell, DARPA, Compaq, Nortel, <your_name_here>