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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Correctional System. key correctional goals. Punishment of the offender. retribution. Protection of the public. deterrence rehabilitation incapacitation restoration. definition. corrections.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Correctional System

  2. key correctional goals... • Punishmentof the offender • retribution • Protectionof the public • deterrence • rehabilitation • incapacitation • restoration

  3. definition corrections • the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses

  4. definition “social control” the actions and practices of individuals and institutions designed to induce conformity with the norms and rules of society Class: identify examples of institutions of social control?

  5. Prison Institution for the incarceration of persons convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies (>yr) Administered by state (or federal) government Jail Facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees & sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours. Usually administered by county government most visible forms of corrections = incarceration!

  6. Persons under watch:types of correctional supervision % of sentenced offenders under each type of supervision

  7. definition “system” (key concept to Clear/Cole’sapproach to corrections)... “a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward commongoals & influenced by the environment in which they function”

  8. major aspects/concerns of “system” framework in corrections goals (in conflict) complexity (next slide) (functions, agencies, gov’ts) • feedback • important • but rare • usu. negative • environment • public opinion • $ constraints • law “SYSTEM” interconnectedness (= series of related processes,eg, prison, parole, probation, sentencing, classification, supervision)

  9. complex distribution of correctional responsibilities Corrections “system” • many levels of • government: • City • County • State • Federal • Private • multiple functions: • Pretrial detention • Probation • Halfway house • Jail • Prison • Parole • Juvenile services • many branches of • government: • Executive-prison • Judicial-probation • Legislative-all law • multiple agencies: • Dept. Human Services • Dept. Public Welfare • Sheriff’s Office • Dept. Corrections • Board of Parole • Superior Court (&others) • U.S. Courts • Bureau of Prisons

  10. definition “federalism” system of government in which power & responsibilities are divided between: a national government AND multiple state governments

  11. Prisoners in federal & state prisons/jails

  12. Who pays for what?local, state, federal $ spent on CJ functions 3 sources of $$ total 100% % of costs borne by different levels of gov’t for various criminal justice functions

  13. Cost of corrections, by type of custody (U.S.) annual cost per person

  14. Cost to build a prison bed,by securitylevel (U.S.) cost per bed

  15. The “big 4” in prison pop.2004 The ‘big four’ account for about 40% of the US prison population.

  16. 3 key challenges of corrections--+ the issues they raise… 1. Managing the correctional organization • Goals: purposes? conflict? • Funding: who will pay? how much?for what? • Bureaucracy: who does what? • Interagency coordination: overlapping jurisdiction? who resolves adverse consequences of system-impacting decisions?

  17. definition “street-levelbureaucrats” public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their work, granting access to government programs & providing services within them. • key: street-level bureaucrats must serve needs of bureaucracy AND client • = nearly impossible! • eg: probation, parole officer

  18. ...challenges of corrections (continued) 2. Working with the offenders • Coordinating actions of both professional vs. nonprofessional staff • Uncertain technologies: don’t know what works? when? • Exchange issues: maintaining control over offenders • Uncertain correctional strategies: what are we trying to do? how best to accomplish it?

  19. definition “exchange” A mutual transfer of resources based on decisions as to the costs and benefits of alternative actions. = key component of “system” notion eg: plea bargaining inmate “accommodations” (re: compliance)

  20. ...challenges of corrections(continued) 3. “Connecting corrections with important values”i.e., remaining mindful that corrections is imbued with important values about social relations & social control • individual rights • human rights • legal/moral/ethical limits on state authority

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