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Today’s Plan

Learn how to name different types of compounds, including Type I, II, III, and IV compounds, as well as acids. Understand the rules for naming ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and acids with detailed examples and guidelines. Practice naming with resources provided.

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Today’s Plan

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today’s Plan • Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds • Naming Acids #’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74

  2. Type I • Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) • Examples – • Li2O = lithium oxide • AlN = ???

  3. Type II • Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions) • Examples – • CuCl = copper (I) chloride • PbS = ???

  4. Type II – Variable Charge • Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has! • For example: • FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide) • Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide) • SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride) • SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)

  5. Type III • Covalent compounds with only nonmetals Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different. • Examples – • P3O5 = triphosphoruspentoxide • SO = ???

  6. Prefixes!

  7. Some TYPE III tips… • Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary. • If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

  8. Name NO • Name 1st element: nitrogen • Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms • 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 1 oxygen: mono- • nitrogen monoxide

  9. Name BF3 • Name the first element using the element name: boron • Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine) • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms: • 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 3 fluorine: tri- • boron trifluoride

  10. Type IV • Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions) • Examples – • K2SO4 = potassium sulfate • (NH4)2CO3 = ???

  11. Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice! • Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html • Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html • (Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)

  12. Acid Naming (our last type!) • Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water • First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste • An acid is an anion with one or more H+cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

  13. Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCl 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: chloride hydrochloric acid How do you know it’s an acid?

  14. More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: cyanide hydrocyanic acid Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?

  15. Remember… Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

  16. Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -icwhen the anion ends in –ate -ouswhen anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

  17. Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… HNO2 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -icwhen the anion ends in –ate -ouswhen anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

  18. Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO perchloricacid chloric acid chlorousacid hypochlorousacid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

  19. More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perbromate bromate bromite hypobromite HBrO4 HBrO3 HBrO2 HBrO perbromicacid bromicacid bromousacid hypobromousacid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

  20. Acid Naming Summary • NO Oxygen • Always: Hydro[anion root]ic acid • CONTAINS Oxygen • What is the key anion? • How many oxygens does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”? (prefix)[anion root](suffix) acid hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid

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