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Section B

Section B. Judge by Appearances. Review Reading Skill. The Main Idea in a Paragraph. . most likely appears in the beginning (especially the first and/or second sentence ) and at the end of the paragraph,.

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Section B

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  1. Section B Judge by Appearances

  2. Review Reading Skill The Main Idea in a Paragraph  most likely appears in the beginning (especially the first and/or second sentence) and at the end of the paragraph, helps get the whole picture of the text and skip the less important details, thus improving your reading speed,  and helps predict or better understand the rest of the text. 

  3. Exercise XIV I want to describe a sociological experiment. 1. Main idea: __________________________________ 2. Main idea: __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ My friend and I dressed so that no one would recognize us and then went downtown to shop.

  4. Our aim was to observe how people responded to the way we looked. (Note: This is the result of their aim: As it turned out, people turned us off or tuned us out on the basis of appearance alone.) 3. Main idea: __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was prejudice time. 4. Main idea: ________________________________ People judge by appearances. 5. Main idea: ________________________________

  5. Text Learning I. Question answering II. Translation III. New words

  6. What does “it”(L4) refer to? • What’s the author’s attitude toward the standard criticism? Para.1 Key>>> Answer questions with less than 10 words. • The standard criticism. • He is against it.

  7. Why was there “no need for dramatics”?(L17) • Why didn’t they go up to the 20th floor?(L22) Para.1 Key>>> 3. People drove them away just because of their poor appearance. • They were afraid of blowing their cover.

  8. 5. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID when he took the check? (L29) 6. What is “her feeling”?(L48) Para.1 Key>>> 5. They hoped the author left quickly. • The place was not for them.

  9. this account:this report, article common claim:commonly accepted belief ( judge by appearance) 我不想确切地赞成或反对此类批评，我只是想描述一个似乎可以证实它的社会学考察。但对于我和我的一位同学来说（也许还有那些看到本文的人），此次考察的经历使得一个众所周知的观点变得栩栩如生了。 1. Without exactly taking sides for or against that criticism, I want to describe a sociological exercise that might seem to validate it—except that, for me and a classmate (and maybe for some who read this account), the experience made a common claim come alive. (L2)

  10. *that=to look like street people what difference作that made的宾语。 Meaning:to see what different effects that produced … 我们的目的是使自己看似漂泊街头的人，以观察他人对我们这样的打扮会有何不同反应——是否贫穷的外表会招来别人的歧视。 2.The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond tous—whether the appearance of poverty would invite prejudice on us. (L13)

  11. 仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失殆尽。仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失殆尽。 with much social grace disappearing 3. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied by removal of much of the social grace most of us take for granted. (L39)

  12. We used to feel that it’s wrong to say people all judge others by appearance. But now we firmly believe it’s right. 我们曾经认为流行在我们周围的人当中的看法是肤浅且带有偏见的。仅仅几个小时后，我们发现自己已接受这一观点并深信不疑。 4. In a very few hours, we found ourselves accepting and internalizing the superficial and prejudiced judgments of ourselves that prevailed among the people we met; … (L48)

  13. 他详细地介绍了他在欧洲的经历。 Phrase：account for 解释，说明；占，构成； — She was required to account for her actions. — Rent accounts for 50% of his expenditure. Translation He gave a detailed account of his experience in Europe. Key Word Using account (L4) n.description e.g. — She kept a detailed account of the suspect’s movements.

  14. virtually(L6):adv.in every important respect; almost 实际上，事实上，实质上; 几乎 1. It used to be virtually impossible to find restaurants outside the cities, but it’s much easier now. 1. 过去在城市外几乎不可能找到餐馆，不过现在容易多了。 2. On the label, the milk is described as “virtually fat-free”. 2. 这种牛奶标签上写着“基本上不含脂肪”的字样。

  15. conceal(L11):v. keep sth. / sb. from being seen or known about; hide sth. / sb. 隐藏，隐蔽，隐瞒 1. He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 1. 他竭力向家人隐瞒他大量酗酒的习惯。 2. I tried to conceal my surprise when she said she was only 22. 2. 当她说她只有22岁时，我尽力掩饰自己的惊讶。

  16. speak of (L16) showor suggest e.g. — His eyes speak of suffering. — Time is up. I will speak of that point later.

  17. turn out (L17) to happen in a particular way; to develop or end in a particular way… e.g. — It turned out that she was my sister’s friend. — A large group of protesters have turned out. — an assembly line turning out cars 其他： turn down 拒绝；关小，调低 in 交还，上交； over 仔细考虑； to 变成；求助于 up 出现，到来；开大，调高 >>>practice

  18. turned up • He has not _________ yet, but everybody else is here. • The boy was ____________ for the job because he didn't have any experience. • We thought he had been killed, but he ___________ • safe and sound. • If you have any problem, please _________ me any time. • Would you mind if I _______________ the music? turned down turned out turn to turn down/up

  19. 除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。 这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适。 Translation Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Apart from being too large, the trousers don't suit me. Key apart from (L32) with the exception of; besides e.g. Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

  20. 她陪我去看了医生。 Translation She accompanied me to the doctor's. Key accompany (L39) v.be or go with e.g. — Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano. — The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.

  21. superficial(L49):a. 1. not deep 肤浅的，浅薄的 2. of or on the surface only 表面的，表面上的 1. 你对该学科只有粗浅的了解。 1. You have only a superficial knowledge of the subject. 2. There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they’re quite different. 2. 乍一看两辆车差不多, 但实际上差别很大。

  22. prevail(L50):v. 1. exist or happen generally 盛行，流行 2. fight successfully (against sb. / sth.) 获胜，战胜，胜（过） 1. The use of horses still prevails among the poorer farmers. 1. 贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马代步和运输东西。 2. 善良将战胜邪恶。 2. Good will prevail over evil.

  23. undoubtedly(L51):adv. without doubt 确实地，无疑地 1. The painting is undoubtedly real. 1. 这幅画无疑是真的。 2. It is undoubtedly the best French film this year. 2. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影片。

  24. Group work: Being a Researcher STEP ONE Possible topics: 1)Can people be judged by their appearance? 2) Who attach more importance to appearance, men or women? 3) Should women go on a diet in order to lose weight? • Decide on a topic about appearance

  25. STEP TWO • Design one or two tests to prove your hypothesis. STEP THREE • Conduct the tests after class and write your research report. Remember that your conclusion should be the logical outcome of the results from your tests. STEP FOUR • Be prepared to make an oral report of your research next time. (It’s better to have a PPT)

  26. Sample -1 Research Report Subject:Students' awareness of the importance of clothing Hypothesis: Most students today are aware of the importance of clothing, and try to dress appropriately according to the occasion.

  27. Sample -2 Testing the Hypothesis Method: Interviewing different students on campus. Questions asked: Q1.Have you ever paid any special attention to your clothes before going to meet somebody? Q2.Do you think proper dress can help you achieve success?

  28. Sample -3 Q3. Would you wear your best clothes for a date? Q4.Suppose you're just a clerk of a company, would you put on some special clothes to dress up for the company's annual party at which a lot of VIPs will be present? Q5.Would you employ a person who pays no attention to clothes but has a great interest in the work he/she would be doing?

  29. Sample -4 Results: Q1: 10 people (100%) “Yes” Q2: 10 people (100%) “Yes” Q3: 9 people (90%) “Yes” Q4: 6 people (60%) “Yes” Q5: 4 people (40%) “Yes”

  30. Sample -5 Conclusion: All the students interviewed were eager to be dressed properly, but some also believed that perhaps one's ability was more important than his/her appearance.

  31. Writing • Directions: Write an article based on your research. Your article should be no less than 200 words. Remember to write neatly.

  32. interview (interviewer, interviewee) hypothesis (hypothesize) appearance statistic(s) be concerned with respond to percentage impression perceive be biased toward preference vanity favorable (unfavorable, favorably) with regard to indicate words and phrases for reference

  33. Writing -1 • Dress Is Important in Our Life • With economic development, our living standards have been greatly improved. We are no longer satisfied with blue and black uniforms. Having realized the importance of clothing, we pay more attention to it more than ever before.

  34. Writing -2 • The following is a report of a survey carried out among college students. Our survey shows that all students are more or less aware of the importance of clothing. The students we interviewed come from very different family backgrounds. Below are the questions we asked:

  35. Writing -3 • Q1. Have you ever paid any special attention to your clothes before going to meet someone? • Q2. Do you think proper dress can help you achieve success? • Q3. Would you wear your best clothes for a date?

  36. Writing -4 • Q4. Suppose you're just a clerk of a company. Would you put on some special clothes to dress up for the company's annual party at which a lot of VIPs will be present? • Q5. Would you employ a person who pays no attention to clothes but has a great interest in the work he/she would be doing?

  37. Writing -5 • We interviewed 10 students in total. Here are the results of our survey: • The Number of People Saying “Yes” PercentageQ1 10 100% Q2 10 100% Q3 9 90% Q4 6 60% Q5 4 40% .

  38. Writing -6 • From the above results, we can see that almost all the interviewees responded positively to the first three questions, which indicates that most students are greatly concerned with being dressed properly. Nowadays many students have realized that a better taste for clothes may mean better job opportunities, more money and more dates.

  39. Writing -7 • With regard to the last two questions, however, students seem to hold different opinions. Although everyone seems to think it is important to be properly dressed, some still believe that it is not the most important thing. In their opinion, ability is perhaps more important. In this fast-food era, however, our contacts with other people are more fleeting than before.

  40. Writing -8 • Our impression of a person is to a certain extent formed by his or her appearance and clothing. So it is important for a person to present him-/her-self properly to people, especially when they meet for the first time. Being properly dressed at least can show one's respect for others and a willingness to communicate with them.

  41. Writing –9 • I myself care a lot about people's clothes. If I had to choose an assistant from two candidates, I would certainly choose the one that was more properly dressed. I believe that if a person has a good taste for clothes, he has a good taste for everything.

  42. Assignments I. Group work-Research report II. Use reading skill to do section C III. Finish post-reading exercise

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