1. HVEM/BTLA/CD160 Signaling Pathway Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14), is a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor (tumor necrosis factor) superfamily. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF14 gene. The tumor necrosis factor superfamilies of ligands (TNFSF) and receptors (TNFRSF) provide key communication signals between various cell types during development, especially in the skin, bones, and lymphoid organs, and maintain organ homeostasis and initiate tissue responses. Similar to other members, HVEM also has a conserved ectodomain defined by a cysteine-rich signature. High-affinity binding of their specific TNFSF ligands induces clustering of receptors expressed in the cognate target cell, which in turn initiates signal-transduction pathways culminating in cellular responses. Although other TNFRSF exhibit monogamous ligand pairing with their specific TNFSF ligands, HVEM shows an extensive polygamous binding profile. HVEM serves as a pivotal switch in signal transmission by engaging four distinct ligands, the TNFSF members LIGHT (TNFSF14) and LTa3 (LTA) and IgSF members B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160. From previous study, we know that HVEM expresses on B and T cells, DCs, neurons, endothelial cells, epithelial cells. And its ligands show different pattern, such as LIGHT expresses on activated T cells, NK cells, DCs and myeloid cells; LIGHT expresses on activated T cells, NK cells, DCs and myeloid cells; BTLA expresses on T and B cells, macrophages and DCs; CD160 expresses on T cells, NK cells and NKT cells. https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/hvem-btla-cd160-signaling-pathway.htm