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Sensation and Perception

Sensation and Perception. Sensation vs. perception. Watch carefully and count the number of passes thrown by the people in white shirts. Neisser’s study Selective attention (we sense, but what do we perceive?). Sensation vs. perception. Bottom-up vs. top down processing.

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Sensation and Perception

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  1. Sensation and Perception

  2. Sensation vs. perception • Watch carefully and count the number of passes thrown by the people in white shirts. • Neisser’s study • Selective attention (we sense, but what do we perceive?)

  3. Sensation vs. perception

  4. Bottom-up vs. top down processing What does this picture show? Random dots??? Still can’t see it? Here’s some help.

  5. Bottom-up vs. top down processing

  6. Bottom-up vs. top down processing “The Forest Has Eyes”

  7. Introduction to sensation and perception, Zimbardo style • Video: Discovering Psychology #7

  8. Sensation - psychophysics • Absolute threshold • Signal detection theory

  9. Psychophysics - JND • Difference threshold (JND – just noticeable difference) • Weber’s Law (JND increases in proportion to size of stimulus) • light intensity - 8% • weight - 2% • tone frequency - 0.3%

  10. Sensory adaptation • Sensory adaptation – diminishing sensitivity to stimuli • Example: Motion blindnessand a second example

  11. Sensation – subliminal messages • Video – The Mind #9 • Blindsight – Milner (the zombie within)

  12. Vision – the eye

  13. Vision Acuitysharpness of vision Normal focus Farsightedness Nearsightedness

  14. Vision Blind spot

  15. Receptors in the Human Eye Cones Rods Number 6 million 120 million Location in retina Center Periphery Sensitivity in dim light Low High Color sensitive? Yes No Vision - receptors

  16. Visual Information Processing • Feature detectors - #8

  17. Visual Information Processing Can a computer help a blind person see again? Cybersenses Parallel Processing The Brain #9. Visual Information Processing: Perception

  18. Color vision: • Wavelength (hue) • amplitude (intensity)

  19. Visual information processing color vision • Trichromatic (three color) Theory • Young and Helmholtz – red, green, blue receptors • Opponent-Process Theory • Certain receptors are excited by blue, inhibited by yellow (explains afterimages) • Others excited by green, inhibited by red • Can’t see bluish-yellow or reddish-green

  20. Color-deficient vision

  21. Opponent process - afterimage effect

  22. Opponent process - afterimage effect

  23. Opponent process - afterimage effect

  24. Opponent process - afterimage effect

  25. Opponent process - afterimage effect

  26. Another example of opponent process vision

  27. Audition - the ear

  28. Audition - hearing • Decibels • Amplitude = loudness • Frequency = pitch • Sound localization Lower pitch Higher pitch

  29. Audition (hearing) • Place theory (high-beginning, low-end) • Frequency theory • Volley principle • Conduction hearing loss • Sensorineural hearing loss • Sensory compensation

  30. New frontiers • Cybersenses

  31. Touch Pressure Cold Warmth Living without touch (proprioception)

  32. Pain • Gate-control theory • Nociceptors • Phantom limb pain • Video #20 • Pain pathways • Treatment helps prevent pathways from forming

  33. Gustatory sense (chemical sense) + umami

  34. Olfactory sense (chemical sense)

  35. Sensory Interaction Synaesthesia McGurk effect

  36. Olfactory sense • In contrast to vision (basically 4 types of receptors), smell has about 1,000 different receptors. • Message does NOT go to thalamus. • Pheromones

  37. Body position and movement • Kinesthesis • Vestibular sense

  38. Perception

  39. You should see a man's face and also a word...Hint: Try tilting your head to the right, the word begins with 'L'

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