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Sensation and Perception

Sensation and Perception. Sensation and Perception. Sensation : stimulation of sense organs Perception : selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input Five senses: Vision Hearing Touch Taste Smell. We do not view the world as it is, but instead actively construct a

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Sensation and Perception

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  1. Sensation and Perception

  2. Sensation and Perception • Sensation: stimulation of sense organs • Perception: selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input Five senses: Vision Hearing Touch Taste Smell

  3. We do not view the world as it is, but instead actively construct a perception of it,

  4. Vision - components • Cornea: where light enters the eye • Lens: focuses the light rays on the retina • Iris: colored ring of muscle, constricts or dilates via amount of light • Pupil: regulates amount of light • Cones: adapted for color vision, daytime light, and detailed vision • Rods: adapted for vision in dim light

  5. Vision - color

  6. Vision - color Figure 4.12 A replica of the Ishihara test for color blindness.

  7. Vision - color Figure 4.9 Negative afterimages. Stare at the dot near the middle of the flag for at least 30 seconds. Then look immediately at a plain sheet of white paper or a white wall. You will see the American flag in red, white, and blue. Reduced sensitivity to green, black, and yellow in the visual system, caused by prolonged staring, produces the complementary colors.

  8. Vision - color Brightness Constancy. The orange squares within the blue squares are the same hue, yet the orange within the dark blue square is perceived as brighter. Why?

  9. Vision - Acuity

  10. Vision – Gestalt principles

  11. Vision – Reversible Figures

  12. Vision – Perceptual Set

  13. Vision – Subjective Contours

  14. Vision – Subjective Contours

  15. Vision – Distal and Proximal Stimuli

  16. Vision – Perceptual illusions

  17. Vision – Perceptual illusions

  18. Vision – Size and Distance The trade-off between size and distance: A given image on the retina can indicate either a small, close object or a large, distant object.

  19. Vision – Attention One of the drawings used by Mackworth and Loftus (1978) to investigate attention. Observers attend to unexpected objects longer than they do to expected objects. In this drawing, observers looked longer at the octopus than they did at a tractor placed in the same spot. What do you think would happen if a tractor were shown upside down or on the roof of the barn?

  20. Vision – Depth

  21. Vision - Depth

  22. Vision - Movement

  23. More examples on the internet… • Left-handed v. Right-handed quiz http://www.illusions.1570films.com/ • Illusions - many examples http://www.scientificpsychic.com/graphics/ • I still can’t figure this out! http://www.tommcmahon.net/2003/12/12_then_13_guys.html

  24. (2) Hearing - components

  25. Hearing – source and loudness

  26. (3) Touch - Components

  27. (4) Taste - Components Figure 4.49 The tongue and taste

  28. (5) Smell - Components

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