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This lesson explores how an animal's early life experiences shape its adult behavior, emphasizing the concept of conditioning. Students will learn how animals, including domestic pets, associate stimuli with actions through conditioning. Famous experiments by Ivan Pavlov and J.B. Watson demonstrate this learning process. The lesson encourages students to reflect on their experiences with conditioning and its impact, discussing the effectiveness of positive versus negative conditioning methods. Group activities will foster collaboration in understanding trial and error learning in both animals and humans.
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B3.2 lesson 2 Learned behaviour: Conditioning -Explain that an animals early experiences in life have a big impact on the way in which it behaves as an adult (Grade C) -Explain that animals can learn through conditioning (Grade A) -Recall that humans can make use of conditioning when training captive animals for specific purposes (Grade A)
Starter • Who has a pet cat or dog? • Can you describe what happens when the pet hears or sees a can of pet food being opened, or what the dog does when it sees its lead being picked up or people putting outdoor clothes on. • These are examples of conditioning, where the animal has learned to associate a stimulus (the opening of a can, the preparation of the lead) with an effect (being fed, being taken for a walk).
Research task • Ivan Pavlov famously studied conditioning in dogs. • J.B. Watson carried out an experiment in the 1920s on ‘Little Albert’. • Research both of these experiments and make a poster or a report about learned behaviour which summarises your findings.
It is often said that in educating students you need ‘a carrot and a stick’. • Do you agree? • Write down some experiences you have had, related to both positive and negative conditioning. • Is positive or negative conditioning more effective? • What about ‘smacking’ and corporal punishment? • Do you think that punishments such as prison sentences are effective?
IL • Summary worksheet B3.2.2a (O:\Students\Science\Biology\Extension) • Find out about another conditioning experiment and write about it
Plenary • Summary worksheet B3.2.2b • Work in small groups to give an example of trial and error learning, in yourselves or in other animals. State the punishments and rewards used. Examples might include teaching a dog to sit, where the reward is petting or food treats, or a baby learning to walk.
