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Ship efficiency over time and slow steaming

Tripartite 2008 Beijing 8-9 November. Ship efficiency over time and slow steaming. Ship efficiency. Question: Have ship become more efficient over time?. SFOC for Diesel Engines. Fuel consumption trends. Statement: When freight rates are low: Yards have thin order books

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Ship efficiency over time and slow steaming

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  1. Tripartite 2008 Beijing 8-9 November Ship efficiency over time and slow steaming

  2. Ship efficiency Question: Have ship become more efficient over time?

  3. SFOC for Diesel Engines

  4. Fuel consumption trends • Statement: • When freight rates are low: • Yards have thin order books • Competition between yards tough • Innovative designs win the day • When freight rates are high: • Owners queue up to order ships • Yards reluctant to change Standard Designs • No incentive for innovation

  5. Fuel consumption trends • Early 1980’s to early 1990’s: • A few ups and downs but otherwise a relatively stable period. • Early 1990’s to 2002 (incl. Asian Crises 1997): • Poor freight rates. • Tough times for the yards • Many EU yards close • 2002-2008: • High freight rates • Ordering boom • New yards emerge • Emphasis on cargo intake

  6. Fuel consumption trends • In 2008 the Shipping Industry initiated a study on fuel trends. • Lloyd’s Register Marine Consultancy Services carried out the study. • Following ships were used:

  7. Fuel consumption trends • Following formulas were used to calculate the fuel consumption and related Energy Efficiency Index:

  8. Aframax trend

  9. VLCC trend

  10. Handy Size Bulker trend

  11. Panamax Bulker trend

  12. Cape Size Bulker trend

  13. 1800 TEU Containership trend

  14. 4500 TEU Containership trend

  15. Historical trend - Containerships • Example – Economy of Scale: • Sealand SL-7 vs. Maersk E-type • Sealand McClean: Built 1973 1968 TEU 88 MW 31 knots 450 t HFO/24h (Steam turbine) • Emma Maersk: Built 2006 15,000 TEU 80 MW (88 MW incl. shaft motor) 25 knots 350t HFO/24h (Diesel engine)

  16. Emma vs. McClean

  17. Emma vs. McClean • Energy Efficiency Index: • SL-7: 950 g CO2/TEU*NM • Maersk E-type: 115 g CO2/TEU*NM • New 2000 TEU: 270 g CO2/TEU*NM

  18. Slow Steaming

  19. Slow Steaming • 8000 TEU Containership: • Reduce speed from 25kn -> 20kn = 20% => • Fuel saving from 260 t/d –> 128 t/d = 51%

  20. Slow Steaming Scenario: Move 10 mill TEU 5000 NM within one year (250 sailing days): Transport work: 50 billion TEU*Miles An infinite number of 8000 TEU ships available!

  21. Slow Steaming

  22. Slow Steaming CO2 Index

  23. Slow Steaming

  24. Slow Steaming Paper for WMTC Mumbai January 2009: • Optimized speed from a economical viewpoint, considering: - Capital Cost - Operating Cost - Voyage Cost • On a route between Ningbo (China) and Bremerhaven (Germany) with a 6600 TEU containership the study gives an optimized speed of 17 kn (compared to 24 kn).

  25. Ship efficiency Questions?

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