1. Spain “The Golden Age”

2. Philip II1556-1598 • Father: Charles V • Fanatically wanted to re-impose Catholicism in Europe • Oversaw Spain’s “Golden Age”

4. Escorial: New Royal Palace thatsymbolized the power of Philip II

6. Muslim Turks

7. Spain vs. Turks • Mediterranean • To secure the region for Christian merchants • Battle of Lepanto: Spain won • Religion was a big theme: Similar to the earlier Christian Crusades • Ended the threat from the Ottoman Turks

8. Spain vs the Dutch • Spain had control over modern-day Netherlands • Why would Spain want to hold on to the Low Countries? • Center of northern trade network and finance • Tolerant and cosmopolitan

11. Charles V was from Flanders, which is in the region of the Netherlands-he was one of them. • Phillip was thought of as a foreign King, a Spaniard who lived in Spain.

12. After 1560 many Calvinists fled to the Netherlands to escape the religious wars in France.

13. How could Spain spend so many resources on this Catholic crusade? • Wealth from the Hapsburg family income • Donations from across the Catholic kingdoms • Economic alliance with the Hanseatic League • Riches from the New World • Trade with the East

14. Revolt Against Spain 1566 • Fearing the Spanish Inquisition would arrive • What do you do to prevent persecution? • The Calvinist faction destroyed some 400 Catholic Churches

15. Council of Troubles • Phillip II, appalled by sacrilege sent in the inquisition, Spanish troops & the Duke of Alva • Alva’s Council sentenced thousands to death, confiscated Nobles estates-both Catholic & Calvinist

16. Pacification of Ghent • In reaction to Spanish Fury - Spanish Mercenaries kill 7,000 in Antwerp • Unified all 17 provinces • Gave provinces religious sovereignty

17. William I (of Orange) • 1533-1584 • Led revolt of 17 provinces against the Spanish Inquisition

18. United Provinces of the Netherlandsformed in 1581 (Dutch Republic) • Major blow to Philip’s goal of maintaining Catholicism throughout his empire. • Protestant

19. Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) • the 10 southern provinces remained under Spain’s control

20. Dutch Protestants Received Aid From • England • English feared the Spanish movement into the Netherlands-”the pistol pointed at the heart of England”

22. Spain vs England

23. Mary Tudor • Catholic • Replaced by? • QE1 • Protestant

24. Phillip Wanted • Revenge! • England’s Aid to the Netherlands • England to Return to Catholicism

25. Spanish Armada 1588

26. A Terrible storm & England’s Navy (smaller but faster) destroyed the seemingly invincible Spanish Armada • Signaled the rise of England as a world naval power • End to Spain’s Golden Age? • Arguable

28. In which of the following ways was Philip II successful in promoting his Catholic crusade? • Achieving a political marriage to Elizabeth I of England. • Maintaining religious uniformity throughout the Netherlands. • Defeating the Turks at the naval battle at Lepanto. • Forging a military alliance with Catherine de Medicis of France. • Preventing the spread of Calvinism to French-controlled territories in Italy.