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Gradual Implementation of l-vocalization: A Hypothetical case for Aranese

Gradual Implementation of l-vocalization: A Hypothetical case for Aranese. Sidney Martin Mota Universitat Rovira i Virgili sidney.martin@estudiants.urv.es. ABSTRACT.

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Gradual Implementation of l-vocalization: A Hypothetical case for Aranese

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  1. Gradual Implementation of l-vocalization: A Hypothetical case for Aranese Sidney Martin Mota Universitat Rovira i Virgili sidney.martin@estudiants.urv.es ABSTRACT The main purpose of this research is to study the perception of l-vocalization and draw some conclusions about the underlying mechanisms that may have caused this sound change in a variety of Occitan called Aranese. l-vocalization is a common phonological change whereby a lateral approximant becomes a velar approximant which is commonly identified as a high back vowel /u/ and which must have been implemented gradually as a result of several factors, some of which this study controls for. This study provides perceptual evidence for a gradual historical implementation of l-vocalization.

  2. Introduction Aranese and l-vocalization: Aranese:the Occitan spoken in the Val d’Aran (map from www.occitania.org) Diachronic change: word final and preconsonantal l>u (l-vocalization)e.g. Sau, cèu, naut, caucar, fautar,... Vulgar Latin: already cases of l>u as in “caucular” Lingual configuration for l>u: velarized /l/, consisting of a TD and then TT sequence. If the TT is “altered”, the lingual configuration is similar to that for /u/.

  3. Introduction Similarities in the lingual configuration of dark /l/ and /u/ dark /l/ /u/ palate palate alveolar ridge alveolar ridge tongue tongue

  4. Hypotheses Introduction Is the implementation of l-vocalization a gradual process? H1: the perception of l-vocalization varies as a function of phonetic context. H2: the perception of l-vocalization varies as a function of speech rate.

  5. Method Perception Test - 10Aranese subjects listened to a speaker of Català Oriental uttering the following phrases (5 repetitions x 2 speech rates): Gel tintat Gel quillat Gel pintat Cal tocar Cal colar Cal polir Cal tintar Cal quillar Cal pintar Gel tocat Gel colat Gel polit

  6. Method -Aranese listeners were asked to identify Aranese and Catalan tokens by completing a questionnaire: e.g. 1 a) Catalan b) Aranese Cal colar Cau colar -controlled variables: V1 l # C2 V2 Speech Rate: fast and normal /a/ // /k/ /t/ /p/ /u/ /i/ -all the tokens identified as Aranese were pooled and PERCENTAGES were employed to explore the data.

  7. Results Bar-graph showing number of vocalized /l/ percepts out of 50 for each sequence :             sequences

  8. Results Bar-graph showing percentage of vocalized /l/ percepts as a function of speech rate: % fast normal RATE

  9. Results Bar-graph showing percentage of vocalized /l/ percepts as a function of Consonant 2 (C2): % /k/ /p/ /t/ C2

  10. Results Bar-graph showing percentage of vocalized /l/ percepts as a function of speech rate within C2: C2 /k/ /p/ % /t/ fast normal RATE

  11. Results  Bar-graph showing percentage of vocalized /l/ percepts as a function of Vowel 1: % // // VOWEL 1

  12. Results Bar-graph showing percentage of vocalized /l/ percepts as a function of Vowel 2: % /i/ /u/ VOWEL 2

  13. Discussion and Conclusions: H1 H1: the perception of l-vocalization varies as a function of phonetic context. -as a general trend in l#C: l#k (43.9%)>l#t (29.8%)>l#p (26.3%) - fast rate: l#k (51.9%)>l#t (33.3%)>l#p (14.8%) - al#C (78.4%)> el#C (21.6%) - l#Cu (63.7%)> l#Ci (36.3%) H2 H2: the perception of l-vocalization varies as a function of speech rate. - l#t fast (52.9%)>l#t normal (47.1%) - l#k fast (56%)>l#k normal (44%)

  14. Discussion and Conclusions: • Some conditions favor l-vocalization more than others = evidence for GRADUAL HISTORICAL IMPLEMENTATION. • Factors which may have effected l-vocalization in Aranese (Gascon) V1 l # C2 V2 RATE a>  u>i fast >normal k>t>p

  15. Discussion and Conclusions: • Effect of C2:hypothesized underlying mechanisms triggering the perception of l-vocalization (Browman & Goldstein, 1989): • l#k: TT reduction • l#t: TT blending • l#p: TT overlapping • Effect of V1: /a/ is less fronted and lower than // thus possibly prioritizing the tongue dorsum gesture of following /l/ • Effect of V2: LIP ROUNDING of /u/ MAY HAVE OVERLAPPED THE TONGUE DORSUM GESTURE OF /l/, thus enhancing the perception of /u/ (e.g. al#tu fast > al#ti fast)

  16. Discussion and Conclusions: • Position of lips before uttering “tintar” and “tocar”. /ti/ /tu/ • Lip-rounding possibly activated before tongue tip/blade reaching dental region. • FUTURE RESEARCH: • Correlate acoustic and articulatory analyses with perceptual data. • REFERENCES: • Browman, C. & Goldstein, L. (1989). Articulatory Gestures as Phonological Units. Phonology (6), 201-251. • Recasens, D. (1996). An Articulatory-Perceptual Account of Vocalization and Elision of Dark /l/ in the Romance languages. Language and Speech. 39(1), 63-89.

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