Get ready for the quiz

1. Get ready for the quiz Based on last day

2. Quiz • Who were the two primary participants in the war in the Pacific? • Which battle was labeled as being the turning point for the Americans in the battle for the Pacific? • The last major Japanese Naval offensive was at which battle? • Who were the Japanese pilots that ran suicide missions against the American vessels? • What was the name of the atomic bomb project?

3. Quiz • Who were the two primary participants in the war in the Pacific? U.S. and Japan • Which battle was labeled as being the turning point for the Americans in the battle for the Pacific? Battle of Midway • The last major Japanese Naval offensive was at which battle? Iwo Jima • Who were the Japanese pilots that ran suicide missions against the American vessels?Kamikaze Pilots • What was the name of the atomic bomb project? Manhattan Project

4. The Holocaust (1933 – 1945) Exemplifying what would be called Genocide (1948) German propaganda portrayal of Jews

5. Objectives – Matching the SS11 Prescribed Learning Outcomes • Assess Canada’s participation in world affairs with reference to human rights. • Recognize the importance of both individual and collective action in addressing human rights issues (response to the Holocaust) • Describe Canada’s military participation in the allied war effort (Liberation of the Netherlands)

6. How does a Holocaust happen? Freedom Writers (2007)

7. Jewish Propaganda Propaganda poster depicting Jews that was referenced in the “Freedom Writers” clip. This image was published in 1934

8. The Holocaust Defined: OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY • From two Greek words meaning “whole,” and “burnt” (or “charred”) • “A sacrifice wholly consumed by fire, a whole burnt offering” •  Complete consumption by fire, or that which is so consumed; complete destruction, esp. of a large number of persons; a great slaughter or massacre. • To Consider: Does this define the Holocaust? As we go through the lesson, develop your own definition

9. The Holocaust Further Defined: • The Holocaust was a systematic and deliberate action by the Nazi state – what does this mean? • It resulted in the mass murder of about 6 million Jews and 6 million “undesirables.”Who was considered an undesirable? Why? • It was carried out between 1933 and 1945 via isolation, persecution, separation, elimination and extermination.Why are these dates important? What do they correspond to? Jewish children with the Star of David sewn on their clothing Prisoners of a concentration camp

10. From a paper definition to a survivor story: Felix Opatowski • Felix survived ghettoization and slave labor camps at the young age of 15. He smuggled goods out of the ghetto to feed his family. • He is deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp in Fall of 1943 • Upon liberation and survival, he later moved to Canada (1950) Cover of Felix’ memoir: Gatehouse to Hell (2013)Mr. Stacey met him July 2013 http://www.azrielifoundation.org/books/gatehouse-to-hell/

11. Felix’s Memoir • A video of Felix entering Auschwitz • http://www.azrielifoundation.org/books/gatehouse-to-hell/

12. Escalation of Hate • What do you hear every day that may be considered prejudiced or a form of discrimination?

13. The Holocaust (as seen in 6 stages) Article III Einsatzgruppen The “evolution” and progression towards mass murder and Genocide (ghettoization concentration camps revoke citizenship sterilization

14. Hitler’s Dislike of the Jews: Anti-Semitism • Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s problems • This was easily ignored by other nations, as racism against Jews was common – anti-Semitism was not a German phenomenon • In 1925 his book, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that Jews were responsible for Germany losing the First World War, they were predominantly communists, and they were a threat to a pure Aryan nation. • Once in power, 1933, Hitler began the systematic intimidation and subjugation of Jewish people Hitler’s Book, Mein Kampf outlined anti-Semitisc beliefs

15. Pre-war developments, examples of Anti-Jewish Measures in Germany • 1933: Nazis define Jews as “Non Aryan” • 1934: Jews are banned from unions • 1935:Nuremburg Race Laws passed: Jews lost their citizenship – this means they are no longer protected under the law • 1937: Jews banned from many professions. You can no longer be a doctor, teacher, or a lawyer • 1938: ID cards mandatory, Jewish passports stamped with red “J”. A damaged shop after Kristallnacht

16. Holocaust 1940-1942 Insignia of the “SS” • 1938: “Kristallnacht”- businesses and synagogues destroyed. First open act of terror • 1939: two days after Poland is invaded, Jews are relocated to ghettos • 1940: Nazis introduce Auschwitz, first prisoners arrive • 1941: The Einsatzgruppen (German task force) began a mass murder campaign in the east, gas is first used in Auschwitz • 1942: Zyklon-B first used at Auschwitz, the bodies are buried in mass graves in a meadow, The “Final Solution” begins

17. Men’s barracks. The Final Solution led to the murder of 6 million Jews and 6 million undesirables An aerial photo taken in 1943 of Auschwitz - Birkenau

18. Holocaust 1943 - 1945 1943: New gas chamber/crematory opens at Auschwitz (daily capacity of 4,756 bodies). 1944: Auschwitz-Birkenau records highest daily number of persons gassed & burned at over 9,000, Soviet troops liberate Majdanek (~79,000 deaths). 1945: Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz (~1.2 mil. deaths), US troops liberate Buchenwald (~56,000 deaths). 1945-46: the Allies prosecuted many Nazi war criminals at the Nuremburg Trials(but only for crimes against humanity. The term “genocide” was not coined until 1944) Selection of Jews at the camp in Auschwitz-II (Birkenau) German Nazi death camp, May/June 1944. Nuremberg Trials. Defendants in the dock. 1945-1946

19. Nuremburg Trials

20. Major people involved in the holocaust The Einsatzgruppen operated under the administration of the Schutzstaffel (SS). The SS later took control of the Gestapo (the secret police) • Heinrich Himmler, military commander in charge of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and chief architect of the “Final Solution.” Responsible for establishing concentration and extermination camps Josef Mengele conducted human experiments in the Auschwitz camp, primarily on twins (interested in genetics) and children, nicknamed “the Angel of Death.” Camp inmates were tortured for “experiments” Girls and boys aged 14-18 raised to be future “Aryan supermen” and Nazi soldiers, indoctrinated with anti-Semitism. They would often act as spies. Many activities resembled military training, and even had ranks that were similar to the Nazi party. Cruelty was encouraged to weed out the unfit

21. Images depicting the Holocaust • Cracow, Poland, Jews Being Led to Deportation Auschwitz, Poland, Women Being Lead to the Gas Chambers

22. Images depicting the holocaust • Bergen-Belsen, Germany, SS Women Taking Corpses to a Mass Grave

23. Results of the Holocaust • The bars on this map show the size of the Jewish population in Europe before the war (blue) and the numbers killed (red). • Poland, the largest Jewish community in Europe, was decimated by the Holocaust. • Worldwide, the Jewish community lost one-third of its members.

24. The holocaust was a genocide Legal definition of genocide Genocide is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national ethnical,racialorreligiousgroup, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in partimposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." • Genocide: The intent to destroy or eliminate a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. • The term did not exist before 1944. It was coined by a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin. • During WWII it was called a crime without a name until 1948 when the U.N. made it a legally punishable crime

25. Reflection: • We started with a question: what is the holocaust? • Using the paper definition, Felix’s story, the PowerPoint info, and what you saw at Nuremberg, write out a definition of the holocaust • “It is a short walk from bullying to hate crimes to genocide - genocide is the most extreme form of bullying” – Barbara Coloroso

26. Define the Holocaust Criteria

27. “Simple acts of kindness and love…” • http://youtu.be/1Fby3O74fWE