Literary Terms:

1. Literary Terms: Part 2

2. Literary Terms Review First let’s review the literary terms we have learned so far… • Setting (consists of two things) 1) Time 2) Place

3. Literary Terms Review • Irony (3 types) 1) Situational: what happens is the opposite of what’s expected Ex: A vegetarian works in a meat-packing plant. 2) Verbal: what is said is the opposite of what is meant; sarcasm Ex: “Wow, you’re so funny.” 3) Dramatic: the audience knows something the characters do not Ex: Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet, horror movies where we see the killer, a man we see is going to slip on a banana peel, the “Maury Show” where we know the man is not here for a makeover

4. Literary Terms Review • Plot (consists of fiveelements) 1) Exposition: Sets the stage 2) Rising Action: builds tension 3) Climax: turning point of the story 4) Falling Action: shows the effect of the climax on the story 5) Denouement: resolution; loose ends are tied up

5. Literary Terms Review • Theme! • The life lesson or main message of a text • 5 rules when identifying theme: 1) It’s not a single word 2) Avoid clichés 3) It is rarely directly stated 4) There can be more than one theme 5) Does not include character names or plot points

6. Literary Terms Review • Mood! • The atmosphere created in a text • In “The Scarlet Ibis,” the mood begun as foreboding and morbid, suggesting death using the descriptions of the natural world.

7. Literary Terms Review • Simile! • One type of “figurative language” • Comparison between two things using “like” or “as” • He’s got a vocabulary like a dictionary. • Her hair looks like a bird’s nest! • She’s tall as a tree! • His shoes are as big as boats.

8. Literary Terms Review • Metaphor! • Another type of “figurative language” • Comparison between two things saying or implying that one thing IS the other • He is a walking dictionary. • She walked in with a bird nest on her head. • She’s an oak tree, towering over her classmates. • His feet were boats, zooming down the basketball court.

9. Literary Terms Review • Personification! • Our last type of “figurative language” • Describing something non-human using human descriptions • The alarm clock screamed for me to get up. • The grass’s long fingers reached out and tickled my feet. • The trees danced in the wind. • The long arm of the law can reach far and wide.

10. Literary Terms Review • Allusion! • An indirect or passing reference to something outside the text (person, place, event) • The reference is NOT explained directly • Bert’s cold was so bad that he huffed and puffed and almost blew the house down. • “We had gone too far into the net of expectations and had left no crumbs behind” (Hurst 601). • What can I say? He made me an offer I couldn’t refuse.

11. Literary Terms Review • Imagery! • Using language that appeals to the senses • “…rubber grass…” (Hurst 598). • The warm sun shown down making my skin feel like it was cooking. • And simile! • The bouquet was bursting with cream-colored flowers and smelled sweet, like expensive perfume. • And simile!

12. And now introducing… • Foreshadowing • When the author provides clues about what will happen in the story Here little reader. Follow me, my pretty! And your little dog, too! Author Reader, earnestly following the clues Clues!

13. Practice Recognizing Foreshadowing • Charlotte's Web: • A runt pig befriends a talented, wise spider named Charlotte. She explains to Wilbur that although she will try to help save his life, all living things must eventually die. This foreshadows the fact that at the end, Charlotte dies herself. Charlotte dies All living things must die

14. Practice Identifying Foreshadowing • “The Necklace” • The jeweler providing the case to the necklace, but not the necklace itself foreshadowed that the necklace was not actually purchased at a fine jeweler, suggesting it was a fake. • What does this also imply about Mme. Forestier as a person?

15. Practice Identifying Foreshadowing • “Two Kinds” • Ed Sullivan Show; mother displeased with the little girl’s piano performance suggests her ultimate displeasure with June’s • Mirror scene: The “prodigy side of her” was not refined and sophisticated, but instead full of rage and anger, which suggests her rage-induced argument at the mother/daughter fight • June’s vow to disprove her mother’s foolish pride

16. Practice Identifying Foreshadowing • “The Scarlet Ibis” • Doodle’s frightened reaction to his coffin, as well as to being left alone by his brother, which repeats itself in the ending scene. • The narrator’s desire to suffocate his bother, which he ends up doing by running him to death. • The mention that William Armstrong, Doodle’s real name, is fit only for a tombstone, and this is where it ultimately ends up. • Nature: Nest rocking in tree like an empty cradle, bleeding tree, graveyard flowers • Aunt Nicey’s comments that a dead red bird is a sign of bad luck

17. And now introducing… • Point-of-View: perspective from which the story is told (narrator’s voice) • 4 Types: 1) First person 2) Second person 3) Third person limited 4) Third person omniscient

18. First Person Point-of-View • Story is told from one character’s perspective using the “I” voice • Often used in narrative writing (stories) • Associated pronouns: I, me, my, we, our, us, ours, mine

19. First person: Narrator is in the story! We see the story through his/her eyes only!

20. First Person Point-of-View • Positives: • Can see inside the narrator’s head • More personal • More emotional • We can see what they are thinking and feeling. • Restrictions: • Vision is “tainted” by that person • Not always reliable • Not very objective (factual) • Can’t go outside of their head and see others’ perspectives • Avoid in formal writing (compositions)

21. Second Person Point-of-View • Not used very often because it confuses the readers • Author is talking to the reader • “You” voice • Associated Pronouns: you, your, yours

22. Second Person: Narrator is speaking directly to reader Hey YOU, kid! Yes, I’m talkin’ to you! Who, me?

23. Second Person Point-of-View • Positives: • Can speak directly to your reader • Can be effective in persuasion (editorials, political pieces) • Negatives: • Can confuse reader if used inappropriately • Avoid in formal writing (compositions)

24. Third Person Omniscient Point-of-View • Person telling the story is outside of the action looking in • As if standing outside of an ant farm watching things unfold, but can also get in ants’ heads • Narrator is all-knowing and can tell the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters • “God-like” • Applicable pronouns: he, she, it, they, them, his, hers, its, theirs

25. Third Person Omniscient: Narrator knows thoughts and feelings of everyone equally

26. Third Person Omniscient Point-of-View • Positives: • Allows for objectivity • Trustworthy since no one is favored and story is untainted by one person’s version • Gets into the heads of all the characters • Should be used formal writing • Restrictions: • Loses the touch of the personal (textbook-ish) • More detached emotionally • Less mystery

27. Third Person LimitedPoint-of-View • Person telling the story is outside of the action looking in • Can see ONE person’s thoughts and feelings (“limited” to one character) • As if standing on one character’s shoulder • Applicable pronouns: he, she, it, they, them, his, hers, its, theirs

28. Third Person Limited: Narrator follows around one person only and knows all of their thoughts and feelings

29. Third Person LimitedPoint-of-View • Positives: • More objective (factual) • Can see from one person’s perspective while still remaining outside of the story • More reliable • Restrictions: • May not be as objective • Is “limited”; we can’t see the whole picture

30. Practice Analyzing Point-of-View! Let’s analyze how point-of-view can affect our understanding of a text. Authors choose it for a reason, so why?

31. The End! …or is it?