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Understanding Physical and Chemical Changes Through Laboratory Experimentation

This lesson focuses on the distinction between physical and chemical changes through hands-on experimentation. Students will learn the definitions, examples, and implications of each type of change, enhancing their understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. The lesson includes practical activities to reinforce learning, such as analyzing substances and exploring chemical reactions. Key topics include the nature of matter, conversion of units, and the properties of various substances. By the end, students will be equipped to identify and differentiate these changes with confidence.

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Understanding Physical and Chemical Changes Through Laboratory Experimentation

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  1. Narez Objective: May 29 • IWBAT demonstrate my ability to distinguish between physical and chemical changes through experimentation during the lab. • BRAINJOG: (ANSWERS ONLY) • Using yesterday’s notes, write two things that chemists do.

  2. Intro to Chemistry

  3. Narez It is a branch of science, what really is science? • It’s more than collecting facts, figures, graphs and tables. • It’s examining our universe, asking and answering questions • Questions that are testable • Results from experiments await for another scientist to disprove or improve on an idea, hypothesis, or prediction. • Science is Inquiry – Discovering the unknown

  4. Narez What is Chemistry? • Study of Matter and Energy • What’s matter? -__- • Matter is ANYTHING that takes up space and has mass.

  5. Narez Chemists study chemical reactions. • Chemical reactions are changes from one substance to another. • Matter may be a pure substance or a mixture of pure substances. • Substances are made of elements and many elements put together form compounds.

  6. Narez Chemists Analyze Substances • Solids • Liquids • Gases

  7. Narez Chemists synthesize new substances From the Ecology Unit, why is ammonia important for our environment?

  8. Narez Chemists measure physical properties • Melting Point • Boiling Point • Strength in bonds between atoms • Rates of reactions Viagra

  9. Narez We convert one unit to another often… • 1 kg = 1, 000 grams • 1 kg = 103 grams You can swap numbers (reciprocal) to switch the sign (positive or negative) of the exponent: 1 kg or 10-3 kg 103g 1g Conversion Factor

  10. Narez Prefixes (Memorize) • King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk

  11. Narez Base Units for length is in meters EXAMPLE 1: 1 mm makes up how many centimeters. Convert to base first, cancel until you get what you want to end up with: 1mm x 10-3m x 1 cm = 0.00005 cm 1 mm 10 -2 m

  12. Narez Put the exponent on the base! • 3 bases to memorize • For length its in METERS (m) • For mass its in GRAMS (g) • For volume its in METERS CUBED (m3)

  13. Narez Try • If an inch equals 2.54 cm, how many meters are found in a 35 inch piece of wood. • 35 in x 2.54 cm x 10 -2 m = 0. 89 m 1 in cm

  14. Narez Try one more time • Convert 15 km into centimeters

  15. Narez A substance may undergo a chemical or physical change

  16. Narez Chemical Change • Definition: A substance changes and forms a new substance with new properties. It’s usually not reversible. • Example: • iron rusting (iron oxide forms) • gasoline burning (water vapor and carbon dioxide form) • eggs cooking (fluid protein molecules uncoil and crosslink to form a network)) • milk souring (sour-tasting lactic acid is produced)

  17. Narez Physical Change • Definition: A change in its structure by re-arranging it’s molecules but no new substances form. • whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced) • boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid changes to vapor, but the molecules are still H2O.) • dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.) • dicing potatoes (cutting usually separates molecules without changing them.)

  18. Narez On your notes sheet, make the following table under “Lab Table”

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