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Understanding Bioaccumulation Factors for Human Pollutant Exposure Assessment

This document explains the concept of Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) and their significance in estimating human exposure to pollutants through contaminated food sources. It discusses methods for estimating BAF, including direct, indirect, and conversion approaches. Additionally, it outlines key formulas related to reference doses, food intake, biomagnification, and food chain interactions. Reference values for biomagnification are provided, demonstrating how different organisms accumulate pollutants. Understanding these factors is essential for establishing ambient water quality criteria to protect human health.

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Understanding Bioaccumulation Factors for Human Pollutant Exposure Assessment

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  1. UnderstandingBAF BioAccumulation Factors

  2. Understanding BAF • Important to estimate human pollutant exposure from consumption of contaminated food material; • Part of the Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC); BW AWQC = RfD x RSC DI + ∑ (FI x BAFi)

  3. Understanding BAF • Where: • RfD = reference dose for noncancer human health effects • RSC = relative source contribution to account for non-water sources of exposure • BW = human body weight • FI = food intake • BAFi = bioaccumulation factor for chemical “i”

  4. Method for Estimating BAF • Three approaches: • Direct • Indirect • Conversion (modified direct)

  5. Direct Method • Calculated using simple ratio of the chemical concentration in tissue and water. BAF = Ct / Cw Where : Ct = concentration of the chemical in the wet tissue (either whole organism or specified tissue) Cw = concentration of chemical in water

  6. Indirect Method • Used if: • No such field data • Unreliable field data • Used for the development of wildlife criteria • Estimated by multiplying a BCF by a FCM

  7. Formula for FCM • Factor used yo account for the food chain interaction and biomagnification • Example: FCM TL 2 = (BMF TL2) FCM TL 3 = (BMF TL2) (BMF TL3) FCM TL 4 = (BMF TL2) (BMF TL3) (BMF TL4) FCM = food chain multiplier for designated trophic level (TL2, TL3 or TL4); BMF = biomagnification factor for designated trophic level (TL2, TL3 or TL4)

  8. Formula for BMF • Basic difference between FCM and BMF • FCM : related back to trophic level one; • BMF : always related back to next lowest trophic level (BMF TL2) = (C TL2) / (C TL1) (BMF TL3) = (C TL3) / (C TL2) (BMF TL4) = (C TL4) / (C TL3)

  9. Conversion Method • Used if unavailable concerning data • Example total mercury, dissolved total mercury or total methylmercury instead of methylmercury form.

  10. Biomaginification of DDT (ppm) Fish-eating birds (0.17 – 2.07) Fish (0.17 – 2.07) Mud snail 0.26 Clam 0.42 Insects 0.23 – 0.3 shrimp 0.16 Organic debris 0.3 – 13.0 Cladophore 0.03 Plankton 0.04 Marsh plants 0.33 – 2.8 Sea-water 1 x 10-6 Fresh-water 1 x 10-5 (Preston, 1989)

  11. ACCUMULATION VALUE • Terms of Accumulation • BAF = Bioaccumulation Factors • BCF = Bioconcentration Factors • BMF = Biomagnification Factors • FCM = Food Chain Multipliers

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