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Normative Ethics

Normative Ethics. Section 2 Consequentialism & Its Critics. Consequences relevant to rightness of action: intended ones all foreseeable ones. Consequences NOT relevant to rightness of action: unforeseeable ones. Consequences and Rightness.

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Normative Ethics

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  1. Normative Ethics Section 2 Consequentialism & Its Critics

  2. Consequences relevant to rightness of action: intended ones all foreseeable ones. Consequences NOT relevant to rightness of action: unforeseeable ones. Consequences and Rightness Note: consequences include physical changes effected by an action.

  3. Principle of Double Effect • Intended consequences of acts and omissions are morally relevant, but foreseen though unintended consequences are not usually relevant. Consider why people are attracted to this principle & appraise it.

  4. Principle of Double Effect • Not needed to explain judgements about certain examples (e.g. self-defence). • These judgements can be explained better on a consequentialist basis.

  5. Intentions • Not necessarily crucial to rightness of action, but still important in ethics. • Enable actions to be identified.

  6. Morality of action as distinguishable from that of character & of motive. A consequentialist account can be given for both - morality of action - morality of character & motive. Motive & Character

  7. Principle of Acts & Omissions • Foreseen consequences of acts are morally relevant, but foreseen consequences of omissions are NOT always morally relevant, and this is so even when the consequences of those acts & omissions are identical. Consider why people are attracted to this principle & appraise it.

  8. Principle of Acts & Omissions • Not needed to explain judgements about certain examples (e.g. poisoning). • These judgements can be explained better on a consequentialist basis.

  9. Negative Responsibility • Agents are just as responsible for their omissions (what they don’t do / fail to do), as for their acts. Appraise the idea of negative responsibility.

  10. Theories with a place for moral rules are preferable to those that relate solely to single actions. Consequentialist theories of moral rules are preferable to intuitionist ones. The former are able to appraise & justify rules. Normative Theory

  11. Practice-consequentialism • Practices, rather than mere abstract rules, benefit society. • Those practices involve human solidarity. • They can be actual or possible. • Practice-consequentialism can address conflicting rules.

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