1 / 22

Iran – A Current Overview

Iran – A Current Overview. 3 rd largest oil reserve & 2 nd largest natural gas reserve Imports more gasoline than any other country except U.S. 1978-1979 Revolution 2005 - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad succeeds Khomeini 2007- 60% of population under 30 Rise of fundamentalism – SHARI’A.

tino
Télécharger la présentation

Iran – A Current Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Iran – A Current Overview • 3rd largest oil reserve & 2nd largest natural gas reserve • Imports more gasoline than any other country except U.S. • 1978-1979 Revolution • 2005 - MahmoudAhmadinejad succeeds Khomeini • 2007- 60% of population under 30 • Rise of fundamentalism – SHARI’A

  2. Reza Shah Pahlavi • After WWII began a program of Westernization (modeled after Turkey) • Land reform & ownership increased • Education improved • Women’s rights: voting, more education, professionalism & western dress • Carried on by son Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (abdicated 1941) • REFORMS FAILED • Spending too much on non-essential things (i.e. military instead of helping people)

  3. Iranian Revolution 1978-79

  4. Iranian Revolution • Shiite, Ayatollah Khomeini • Exiled in 1964 – began Rev from Paris • Grievances: corruption, police heavy-handedness, modernization, westernization, imperialism, exploitation of underprivileged, & illegitimate shah monarchy • 52 US personnel hostage crisis of ’79 (444 days) • Iran became Islamic Republic • led by handful of powerful ayotallahs & 180,000 mullahs (priests)  THEOCRACY • “divine rule by clerics”, Khomeini was the infallible supreme leader Prediction: How will this change in leadership affect society & culture in Iran??

  5. Cuban Revolution • CAUSE • Corrupt government • Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista • EVENTS • Batista ruled as dictator (40s) • Guerrilla warfare begins (mid-50s) • Castro takes over (‘59) • New gov= communist • Che Guevara – Argentinean, Marxist revolutionary who allied with Castro, later became Pres. of Cuban National Bank & dealt w/US & USSR • Tried to help Bolivian Rev- captured & killed (‘67)

  6. Cuban Revolution: Consequences • Democratic Constitution (amendment allowed US intervention) • 1 of last 5 communist governments in world • Better living conditions: • Redistribution of wealth, stabilize population, nationalized industries, health & education opportunities, laws to stop enviro damage • Arts flourished: murals • Negatives • Repression of Spanish • American monopolies • Cuban Missile Crisis

  7. End of Day Quiz • Name 1 cause of the Cuban Revolution. • Name 1 cause of the Iranian Revolution. • Name one event during the Iranian Revolution. • Name one consequence of the Cuban Revolution.

  8. THE MIDDLE EAST • 1900-1914 • Ottomans & WWI • Surge in nationalism (esp. Young Turks) • Post- WWI • 1st Central Power to fall • Armenian Genocide • Betrayed by G.B. & France - land was controlled by the League of Nations • Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

  9. Interwar Period • American oil companies hedged out British influence & gained control over many oil facilities • Saudi Arabia • Kuwait* • Bahrain

  10. Post WWII • Pakistan independence from GB (1947) • Syrian independence (1944) • 1948- 1st Arab-Israeli War* • Turkish Crisis- Soviets demanding lands (although neutral during WWII) & US sent aid…why?

  11. Egypt Gamal Abdul Nasser Muslim Brotherhood • Came to power in 1952 – member of the Free Officers Movement • Allied w/Muslim Brotherhood • Loss of Arab-Israeli War (1948) • Broad social & economic reforms • Foreign policy: • Defeat Israel • Arab unity • Agitate socialist rev • 1956- forced G.B. out of Suez Canal • REFORMS FAILED • Founded 1928 by Hasan al-Banna • Murdered in 1949 • Contempt for wealthy Egyptian & Euro minority that flourished in face of mass poverty • founded to remedy probs • Fundamentalist • Called for massive reforms • Strikes, riots & assassinations

  12. The Six Day War (1967) • It was a total victory for Israel who then took: • The West Bank from Jordan • Golan Heights from Syria • Gaza Strip and Sinai from Egypt • 1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadatsigned the Camp David Accords (oversaw by Pres. Carter) • Israel returned Sinai and Egypt (a Muslim nation) recognized Israel’s right to exist • Won Nobel Peace Prize • Muslim extremist assassinated Sadat in 1981 – jailed political opponents (etc.)

  13. Egypt after Nasser • Anwar Sadat was his successor • Ended many programs, sought out private initiatives • Made peace with Israel • Expelled Russians • Opened Egypt to the west • Hosni Mubarak (successor) continued on similar path • MUSLIM FUNDAMENTALISM continues • One such group assassinated Sadat

  14. Israel • Balfour Declaration (1917)  creation of Israel • required that Jews and Palestinians divide land that was traditionally theirs • 1930’s -1940 ~500,000 Jews arrive • Palestinians had the numbers but the Jews had money & world sympathy • David Ben-Gurion (PM of Israel) - May 1948

  15. “The Arab-Israeli Conflict” • PLO(Palestinian Liberation Organization) was created & dedicated to reclaiming the land and establishing a Palestinian state • Intifada’s (uprisings) • Terrorism • New Hostilities began in 2000 • Israel elected Ariel Sharon as PM and he built a wall between Palestine and Israel for protection • PLO leader Yasser Arafat died in 2004 • New president signed a armistice with Israel ending the Intifada

  16. Intifada c.1988 – Young Palestinians demonstrating in the streets

  17. Israel & Palestine “The Arab-Israeli Conflict” • “Right of Return” • 9 million Palestinians living outside of homeland • Diaspora (ghurba) • Israel (2007) • 7.3 million Jews • 1.6 million Palestinians/non-Palestinians

  18. OPECORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES • Oil= power • OPEC set the world price for oil and controlled the amount available • 1970 they cut supply • Prices skyrocketed • Since the 1980s lost some of its power • Infrastructure &/or wealth in hands of minority

  19. Kuwait Iraq: “Vortex of Violence” • 8% of world’s oil reserves • Urbanized, welfare state • 1990 Gulf War • Iraqi invasion to “reclaim” land • Shiites, Sunnis & Kurds • 9% of world’s oil reserves • No deep water port

  20. Iraq: “Vortex of Violence” • Saddam Hussein • Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) • Gulf War (1990) • Civil war • Operation Iraqi Freedom • 1st “free” election (2005) • Civil War

  21. Terrorismal-Qa’ida destroyed the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001

  22. “Arab Spring” • Wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010

More Related