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Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Response to GCOS Implementation Plan

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Response to GCOS Implementation Plan. J.-L. FELLOUS On behalf of ESA – Chair of CEOS Strategic Implementation Team and B. Ryan (USGS) leader of GCOS-IP Response Team. Content. CEOS – Background and objectives GCOS Monitoring Principles

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Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Response to GCOS Implementation Plan

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  1. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Response to GCOS Implementation Plan J.-L. FELLOUS On behalf of ESA – Chair of CEOS Strategic Implementation Team and B. Ryan (USGS) leader of GCOS-IP Response Team WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August, 2006

  2. Content • CEOS – Background and objectives • GCOS Monitoring Principles • CEOS Response to GCOS-IP • Status report on approach and schedule • Content (draft) of Report to COP-12 • The way forward beyond COP-12 • CEOS Virtual Constellations concept WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  3. CEOS – Background • CEOS was established in 1984 to improve cooperation in satellite Earth Observation • Today it has a membership of 25 space agencies, plus 20 international organisations as Associates • CEOS delivers on its objectives through: • Its Working Groups WGCV (Calibration/Validation), WGISS (Information Systems and Services) and WGEdu (Education and Capacity Building) • Its Strategic Implementation Team (SIT) • A core agency Secretariat. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  4. CEOS – Membership • Membership: • ASI, BNSC, CAST, CNES, CONAE, CSA, CSIRO, DLR, EC, ESA, EUMETSAT, GISTDA, INPE, ISRO, KARI, JAXA, NASA, NASDRA, NOAA, NRSCC, NSAU, ROSHYDROMET, ROSAVIAKOSMOS, SNSB & USGS • Associates • CCRS, CRI, ESCAP, FAO, GCOS, GOOS, GTOS, ICSU, IGBP, IOC, IOCCG, ISPRS, NSC, OSTC, SAC/CSIR, UNESCO, UNEP, UNOOSA, WCRP & WMO WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  5. CEOS – Objectives • 1. To optimise the benefits of spaceborne Earth observation through cooperation of its Members in mission planning and in the development of compatible data products, formats, services, applications and policies; • 2. To aid both its Members and the international user community by inter alia, serving as the focal point for international coordination of space-related Earth observation activities, including those related to global change; • 3. To exchange policy and technical information to encourage complementarity and compatibility among spaceborne Earth observation systems currently in service or development, and the data received from them; issues of common interest across the spectrum of Earth observation satellite missions will be addressed. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  6. GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles • Effective monitoring systems for climate should adhere to the following principles: • The impact of new systems or changes to existing systems should be assessed prior to implementation. • A suitable period of overlap for new and old observing systems should be required. • The results of calibration, validation and data homogeneity assessments, and assessments of algorithm changes, should be treated with the same care as data. • A capacity to routinely assess the quality and homogeneity of data on extreme events, including high-resolution data and related descriptive information, should be ensured. • Consideration of environmental climate-monitoring products and assessments, such as IPCC assessments, should be integrated into national, regional and global observing priorities. • Uninterrupted station operations and observing systems should be maintained. • A high priority should be given to additional observations in data-poor regions and regions sensitive to change. • Long-term requirements should be specified to network designers, operators and instrument engineers at the outset of new system design and implementation. • The carefully-planned conversion of research observing systems to long-term operations should be promoted. • Data management systems that facilitate access, use and interpretation should be included as essential elements of climate monitoring systems. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  7. Satellite-specificClimate Monitoring Principles (1) • Furthermore, satellite systems for monitoring climate need to: • Take steps to make radiance calibration, calibration-monitoring and satellite-to-satellite cross-calibration of the full operational constellation a part of the operational satellite system; and • Take steps to sample the Earth system in such a way that climate-relevant (diurnal, seasonal, and long-term inter-annual) changes can be resolved. • Thus satellite systems for climate monitoring should adhere to the following specific principles: • Constant sampling within the diurnal cycle (minimizing the effects of orbital decay and orbit drift) should be maintained. • A suitable period of overlap for new and old satellite systems should be ensured for a period adequate to determine inter-satellite biases and maintain the homogeneity and consistency of time-series observations. • Continuity of satellite measurements (i.e., elimination of gaps in the long-term record) through appropriate launch and orbital strategies should be ensured. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  8. Satellite-specificClimate Monitoring Principles (2) • Rigorous pre-launch instrument characterization and calibration, including radiance confirmation against an international radiance scale provided by a national metrology institute, should be ensured. • On-board calibration adequate for climate system observations should be ensured and associated instrument characteristics monitored. • Operational production of priority climate products should be sustained and peer-reviewed new products should be introduced as appropriate. • Data systems needed to facilitate user access to climate products, meta-data and raw data, including key data for delayed-mode analysis, should be established and maintained. • Use of functioning baseline instruments that meet the calibration and stability requirements stated above should be maintained for as long as possible, even when these exist on de-commissioned satellites. • Complementary in situ baseline observations for satellite measurements should be maintained through appropriate activities and cooperation. • Random errors and time-dependent biases in satellite observations and derived products should be identified. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  9. Who adheres to GCMPs? • The ten basic principleswere adopted by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through decision 5/CP.5 at COP-5 in November 1999. • The complete set of principles was adopted by the Congress of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) through Resolution 9 (Cg-XIV) in May 2003. • The satellite-specific principles were agreed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) at its 17th Plenary in November 2003. • They were further adopted through decision 11/CP.9 at COP-9 in December 2003. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  10. A simple experiment • Ask the Project Manager of a recent satellite mission of climate relevance (e.g., Calipso or Cloudsat) whether • He/She has ever heard about GCMPs? • His/Her project has ever been subject to evaluation/review with regard to compliance with GCMPs? • This does not necessarily mean non-compliance, but it shows that NO MECHANISM IS IN PLACE WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  11. COP-10 Decision onResearch and Systematic Observation • … • 5. Invites Parties that support space agencies involved in global observations to request these agencies to provide a coordinated response to the needs expressed in the GCOS Implementation Plan • … Response planned for SBSTA at COP 12, November 2006 WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  12. CEOS Responseto GCOS Implementation Plan • A preliminary response to GCOS-IP proposing an overall approach was submitted to UNFCCC COP-11 in Montreal (November 2005). • A CEOS-GCOS expert meeting was held in Geneva on January 9-11, 2006, where specific requirements re: Essential Climate Variables as observed from space were outlined. • A GCOS-IP Satellite Supplement V.1 was subsequently released in early March 2006. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  13. GCOS Implementation Plan –Satellite supplement V.1 • GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles • Sampling, continuity, overlap, calibration, etc. • Cross-cutting actions • Integrated products, reprocessing, reanalysis, archiving, etc. • 28 Essential Climate Variables • Atmosphere: Surface wind speed and direction, upper air temperature, water vapour, cloud properties, precipitation, ERB, ozone, aerosols, CO2, CH4 and other GHGs • Ocean: Sea ice, sea level, SST, ocean colour, sea state, salinity • Land: lakes area, level and temperature, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, snow cover, albedo, land cover, fAPAR, LAI, biomass, fire disturbances, soil moisture • Types of requirements • Reprocessing of past records, provision of archived data sets, requirements for future missions, cal/val issues WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  14. CEOS Response to GCOS-IP –Next steps • CEOS SIT-18 (Frascati, March 21-22) approved the proposed approach to prepare detailed responses from space agencies to GCOS-IP. • CEOS WGISS and WGCV were instructed to evaluate the tasks associated with GCOS-IP. • A Climate Task Team led by Barbara Ryan (USGS) was designated, and a second CEOS/GCOS Workshop was convened in Geneva on May 22-24. • GCOS Secretariat released on August 17 a draft Version 2.0 of the Satellite Supplement (“GCOS-107”) incorporating changes from broad community review. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  15. CEOS Response to GCOS-IP – Current status • The Climate Task Team included • CEOS experts – Cross-cutting and strategic issues • Domain experts – Atmosphere (P. Menzel et al.), Ocean (J.L. Fellous, E. Lindstrom et al.), Land (J. Townshend et al.)– from CEOS agencies and GCOS Panels. • As we speak the final draft is being reviewed by Climate Task Team and will be presented for final review and approval to SIT-19 (La Jolla, 19-20 September) before formal submission to SBSTA (through the USA delegation). WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  16. Content of CEOS Response • CEOS Response will include • What can be achieved by better coordination of existing capabilities or in planning future capabilities • Immediate responses (e.g., reprocessing of past data sets, improvement of data availability for reanalysis) • Plans for improved coordination of future missions, through the establishment of “Virtual Constellations” • Those improvements that require additional means or mandates beyond the present capacity of space agencies (e.g., the issue of transferring systems from research to operational status – “Crossing the Valley of Death”). WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  17. Table of Contents WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  18. Examples (draft) of recommendationand actions (1) WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  19. Examples (draft) of recommendationand actions (2) WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  20. Examples (draft) of recommendationand actions (3) WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  21. Examples (draft) of recommendationand actions (4) WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  22. CEOS Implementation Plan – Current status • Work is underway, under the responsibility of a dedicated Task Force, to define “the new CEOS process by which GEOSS requirements are addressed”. • The concept of “CEOS Virtual Constellations” has been put forward to help advance planning and coordination of future EO missions by CEOS agencies. The basic principles include: • The definition of a series of standards • A process for recognition/acceptance WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  23. The CEOS Virtual Constellations • This newly proposed concept is based on • A series of standards – required to be satisfied for a mission to be included in a Constellation serving a particular purpose • A process, whereby the many disparate types of Earth observing programmes funded by CEOS agencies might contribute to the supply of the required observations • A series of Prototype Constellations has been identified, each with a Lead Agency and potential contributors. WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  24. Prototype CEOS Constellations WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

  25. Next steps • September 8 Climate Task team to finish up its draft text • September 18-19 SIT-19 meeting, La Jolla, to approve CEOS Response to GCOS-IP • September 25 Transmission to COP-12 • November 6-17 COP-12, Nairobi – Presentation of CEOS Response to GCOS-IP at SBSTA by USA delegation • November 14-15 CEOS Plenary, Buenos Aires, to endorse the document WOAP Meeting JRC Ispra, 28-30 August 2006

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