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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. Sean Wang Frank Ng Pasha Christopher Yacone. Endocrine System. What is it? Systems of glands Regulates body functions Growth, metabolism etc.. Uses signaling molecules known as hormones. Parts of the Endocrine System. Pineal Gland. Pituitary Gland. Thyroid Gland.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System Sean Wang Frank Ng Pasha Christopher Yacone

  2. Endocrine System • What is it? • Systems of glands • Regulates body functions • Growth, metabolism etc.. • Uses signaling molecules known as hormones.

  3. Parts of the Endocrine System Pineal Gland Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Thymus Adrenal Gland Pancreas Ovary Testes

  4. Hormones • Signal molecule used by the Endocrine System • Secreted by cells within the body • Target cells respond to specific hormones if they have the specific receptor

  5. Diseases • Diabetes • Hyperthyroidism • Hypothyroidism • Osteoporosis

  6. DIABETES What is it? Effect on body Type 1 versus Type 2 Treatment and Causes

  7. Diabetes • A disease when the body ceases to respond to or is unable to produce insulin (hormone produced by pancreas). • Insulin is critical in enabling cells to absorb glucose. • Diabetes is split into two types • Type 1 • Type 2

  8. Diabetes’ effect on the body • For both types of Diabetes the effects are: • Weight loss • Dehydration • Kidneys try to remove glucose from the blood. • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) • Damage to the body • High sugar levels in the blood can cause damage to nerve / blood cells throughout the body.

  9. Type 1 versus Type 2 Type 1 Type 2 • Body does not produce enough insulin • Autoimmune disease • Destruction of insulin producing cells • Treatment includes: • Insulin injections • Pancreas transplants • Islet transplants • Body does not respond to insulin • Treatment includes: • Diet and exercise • Antidiabetic drugs

  10. Causes of Type 1 and Type 2 Type 1 Type 2 • Doctors are not entirely sure what exactly causes Type 1 Diabetes. • Susceptibility can be inherited • Environmental factors may cause the body to attack its pancreas by accident • Toxin or virus • Can occur with other autoimmune diseases • Can happen to anyone • Risk factors include: • Obesity • Old age • Type 2 diabetes within the family • People with metabolic syndrome • People who smoke, have inactive lifestyles, or have certain dietary patterns

  11. HYPERTHYROIDISM andHYPOTHYROIDISM What are they and what do they do? Causes Treatment

  12. Hyperthyroidism • Over activity within the thyroid gland which results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones Symptoms Palpitations Heat intolerance Nervousness Insomnia Breathlessness Increased bowel movements Light or absent menstrual periods Fatigue Fast heart rate Trembling hands Weight loss Muscle weakness Warm moist skin Hair loss Staring gaze

  13. Common Causes of Hyperthyroidism • Most common - Grave’s Disease • An autoimmune disease that frequently causes the thyroid to enlarge • Thyroiditis • Inflammation of the thyroid gland

  14. Treatment for Hyperthyroidism • Radioactive Iodine • Absorbed by thyroid to reduce its size. • Surgery (thyroidectomy) • Anti-thyroid medications • gradually reduce signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism by preventing the thyroid gland from producing excess amounts of hormones • Beta blockers • Help reduce a rapid heart rate and help prevent palpitations

  15. Hypothyroidism • The opposite of Hyperthyroidism • The condition of an underactive thyroid gland Treatment • Daily use of the synthetic thyroid hormone

  16. Causes • Autoimmune Diseases • Treatments for Hyperthyroidism • Radiation therapy • Thyroid surgery • Medications • Congenital disease • Iodine deficiency

  17. OSTEOPOROSIS

  18. Osteoporosis • A condition that causes the bones to become porous and brittle. • Osteoporosis can be caused by many factors. Since the growth of bones is a metabolic process, flaws in the endocrine system can cause Osteoporosis.

  19. Endocrine disorders that cause Osteoporosis • Cushing's syndrome • hyperparathyroidism • thyrotoxicosis • hypothyroidism • diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, • cromegaly • adrenal insufficiency

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