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Gary D. Wu, M.D

Professional Societies, Advocacy, and the Gov’t -How do we get along?. Gary D. Wu, M.D. Ferdinand G. Weisbrod Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania. The AGA Center for Gut Microbiome Research & Educatio n.

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Gary D. Wu, M.D

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  1. Professional Societies, Advocacy, and the Gov’t-How do we get along? Gary D. Wu, M.D Ferdinand G. Weisbrod Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania

  2. The AGA Center for Gut Microbiome Research & Education

  3. The Center’s Mission Statement To advance research and education on the gut microbiome in human health and disease. The Center will serve as the focus of all AGA activities and programs in this field and will be built around the pillars of the AGA Strategic Plan: Research-Education-Advocacy-Practice.

  4. AGA Microbiome Scientific Advisory Board Provides guidance to AGA Board on scientific matters relevant to the microbiome: strategic direction, topic and programmatic priorities, program participants. Eight members representing: • Computational biology • Metagenomics • Animal models • Microbiology • Translational research • Nutrition and obesity • Motility • Pediatrics • Clinical Practice (FMT) • Regulatory and policy issues Members: • Gary D. Wu, MD, SAB Chair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA • Martin J. Blaser, MD, New York University, New York, NY • Gail A. Hecht, MD, Loyola University, Maywood, IL • PurnaKashyap, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rhochester, MN • Colleen Kelly, MD, Brown University, Providence, RI • Lee M. Kaplan, MD, PhD, Harvard University/MGH, Boston, MA • Rob Knight, PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO • Loren Laine, MD, Yale University, New Haven, CT • Mary Ellen Sanders, PhD, Consultant, Centennial, CO • R. Balfour Sartor, MD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC • Phillip Tarr, MD, Wash. Univ., St. Louis, MO • Ex officio mbrs: Council chair; GB basic science councillor

  5. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), a Success Story for the Treatment of Refractory CDI—But with a Note of Caution Prescreening of donors to prevent transmission of currently known pathogens Homogenization, filtration, and administration usually through a colonoscope. • Success rate of around 90% when fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is used to treat CDI • Currentlyover 500 cases reported in the literature • Placebo-controlled clinical trial: Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:407-41

  6. Response of the Microbiome Center SAB to Issues Related to FDA FMT IND for CDI • May 2013: Notification of AGA membership that an IND was required for FMT used for any indication including the treatment of refractory CDI. Emergency use IND hotline provided to membership. • Nine member committee established (5 AGA, 2 NASPGHAN, 2 IDSA) to provide feedback to FDA regarding IND for FMT. • FDA issues “regulatory restraint” on use of FMT for CDI—AGA membership notified of decision. • AGA committee develops “Current Consensus Guidance on Donor Screening and Stool Testing for FMT” document for FDA together with IDSA, NASPGHAN, ACG, and ASGE.

  7. “You Shouldn’t Do it Just Because You Can—Caution about FMT and the Need for Regulation • Although the short-term infectious risks of FMT seem to be definable and quantifiable, we should remember the entire generation of patients infected with HCV by blood transfusion before this pathogen was identified. • The field should move cautiously because the long-term consequences of FMT in humans are unknown.   • The gut microbiome contains a highly complex and dense community of microbes that include bacteria, fungi and viruses, many of which have not been fully characterized. • It is a dynamic and living consortium that can change over time in ways that scientists cannot currently fully predict. • Animal model data suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Normon et al. Gastro 2014 Viruses Enhanced Pathogenicity Predator-Prey Relationship Bacteria Competition Syntrophy Archaea Fungi

  8. Publications on FMT for the Clinician “A How to Guide: Investigational New Drug Application for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation” Colleen R. Kelly, MD; Sachin S. Kunde, MD, MPH; Alexander Khoruts, MD Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology What's the Value of an FDA IND for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Clostridium difficile Infection? Gail A. Hecht, MD, MS and Members of the SAB for the AGA Center for Gut MicrobiomeResearch and Education Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology AGA-Sponsored Webinar: In planning stages

  9. The Scientific Value of FMT FMT and the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes • The success of FMT in the treatment of CDI is “proof of principle” that the dysbiotic human microbiota can be modified to treat disease. • Emphasizes the importance of using a resilient microbial community to modify dysbiosis. • FMT is a window into the biology of the gut microbiome in humans: • Translation of findings in animal models into human biology. • Understand the long term consequences of manipulating the gut microbiota in humans

  10. The Future of FMT: Transplantation of Defined Microbial Communities • Customization of consortium membership of bacteria with specific biological properties to produce predictable responses and reduce both short- and long-term adverse outcomes • Laboratory defined conditions prevent pathogen transmission • Development of standardized conditions for the transplantation (inoculation) and maintenance of the community • Durable communities that are resilient to change

  11. Evolution of Microbiome Research Past/Current Status of the field: “Safe” traditional view. Animal Models (functional data) Human Association Studies Evolution of the microbiome field Human Intervention Studies FMT for CDI Novel Therapeutics Next generation pre-, pro-, synbiotics Future status of the field: Higher risk but higher reward.

  12. The Progression of Science, Reduction to Practice, and Development of New Gut Microbiota-Based Products Evolution of Scientific and Product Development FMT Processed Fecal Products Defined Microbial Consortia Yes CDI Likely Yes Possibly Yes Lawley TD PLoSPathog. 2012;8(10):e1002995 Petrof EO. Microbiome. 2013 Jan 9;1(1):3 Focus of technology development Other diseases ? ? Safety + ++ +++ Sustainability Initiation • Goals of the FMT Registry • To gather information on practice in the U.S. and assess effectiveness of the intervention. • To assess short-term and long-term safety. • To aid practitioners and sponsors in satisfying regulatory requirements. • To promote scientific investigation.

  13. A National FMT Registry • AGA Microbiome Center Scientific Advisory Board • Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) • NASPGHAN • CCFA AGA Registry expertise with a CRO (ACI Clinical) Penn-CHOP MicrobiomeInitiative FMT Registry NIH NIAID Application for a R24 (resource related research project) Biobank Stool/microbial products FDA Oversight of FMT, Stool-based products, and “next generation” probiotics Academia, CDC, NIH and Other (i.e. Industry) Basic and clinical investigation, product development Professional Societies Clinical practice standards (efficacy/safety), liability, reimbursement

  14. Thank You

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