1. ANTHRAXBACILLUS ANTHRAX Wes Loughman Adv. Vet. Science Rugby High School Rugby N.D. Instructor: Randal A. Cale

2. ANTHRAX • Caused by spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis • Anthrax is an acute,febrile disease of virtually all worm-blooded animals, including man

3. ANTHRAX • Anthrax is usually transmitted to humans secondary • We usually get it from animals such as sheep, cattle, horses, goats, and pigs; pigs and horses rarely get anthrax

4. ANTHRAX • There are three types of anthrax • Inhalation • Cutaneous • Gastrointestinal

5. ANTHRAX • You can get anthrax by three ways • Touch • Breathing spores • Or ingesting infected products

6. ANTHRAX • The gastrointestinal is the least common do to proper cooking of meat products • Cutaneous is the most common due to the spores are usually to large to be inhaled • But animals can get infected consumption of infected feeds such as bone meal and meat

7. ANTHRAX • Symptoms in pigs • Bloody face • Hemorrhage from nose • Fever • Respiratory distress • Sudden death • Swelled discolored neck • Blue skin

8. ANTHRAX • Anthrax should be suspected if a sow is found dead and post-mortem • Examination show large red lymph nodes under the skin of the neck and in the abdomen • Discontinue immediately and veterinary help should be sought • After bacilli have been discharged from an infected animal or exposed to free oxygen from an opened carcass, they form spores that are resistant to extremes of temp. , chemical disinfectants, and desiccation • For this reason, the carcass of an animal dead from anthrax should not be necropsied

9. ANTHRAX • Symptoms in cattle • Sudden death • fever • Excitement followed by depression • Difficulty breathing • Uncoordinated movements • Bloody discharges

10. ANTHRAX TREATMENT • Penicillin • Tetracyclines • Amoxicillin • Chloramphenicol • Ciprofloxacin • Doxycycline • Erythromycin • Gentamicin • Streptomycin • Sulfonamides

11. CONTAINMENT AND PREVENT SPREADING • Notification of the appropriate regulatory officials • Rigid enforcement of quarantine • Prompt disposal of dead animals, manure, bedding, or other contaminated material by cremation or deep burial • Isolation of sick animals and removal of well animals from the contaminated areas • Disinfection of stables, pens, milking barns, and equipment used on live stock • Use of insect repellents • Control of scavengers that feed on animals dead from the disease • Observation of general sanitary procedures by people who contact diseased animals

12. Bibliography • Anthrax. http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu ,12/13/01 • Anthrax. http://www.thepigsite.com ,12/12/01 • Anthrax. http://www.tripprep.com ,12/12/01 • Anthrax. http://www.bact.wisc.edu ,12/12/01