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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia. The Fertile Crescent. Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf From the Greek “land between the rivers’ ‘Fertile’ because of silt from flooding Irregular cycle influence beliefs in cruel and unpredictable dieties (gods) Crop surpluses by 4000 BCE Made Sumerian civilization possible.

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia

  2. The Fertile Crescent • Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf • From the Greek “land between the rivers’ • ‘Fertile’ because of silt from flooding • Irregular cycle influence beliefs in cruel and unpredictable dieties (gods) • Crop surpluses by 4000 BCE • Made Sumerian civilization possible

  3. The Fertile Crescent http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mesopotamia&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=GJ-dRU4lO7XxSM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mrdowling.com/603mesopotamia.html&imgurl=http://www.mrdowling.com/images/603fertilecrescent4.png&w=636&h=442&ei=-P84UJ_LEY2i8gTkuoCYDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=348&sig=111121526198682867982&page=1&tbnh=111&tbnw=159&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:153&tx=112&ty=94

  4. Sumerians Civilization http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sumerian&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=Vz_UoTv2641S5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.tokenrock.com/explain-Sumerians-129.html&imgurl=http://www.tokenrock.com/stock/sumerian3.jpg&w=193&h=260&ei=nQA5UOv7OZOo8QTI24C4Aw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=404&vpy=561&dur=225&hovh=208&hovw=154&tx=64&ty=99&sig=111121526198682867982&page=2&tbnh=148&tbnw=115&start=26&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:26,i:280 • Establish civilization in lower Mesopotamia by 3500 BCE • City states with administration for a city, farms and villages by 3000 BCE • Common language and religion for all of Sumer

  5. The Hunger Games • The Capital = Cities in Sumer • Villages & farms = Districts • Rue is from a farming district and all the farms and villages provide food for ‘the Capital’- farms and villages provided food for the city http://www.google.com/imgres?q=the+hunger+games+capitol&num=10&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=bhA8JfUzwh1kGM:&imgrefurl=http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/08/31/hunger-games-capitol-site/&imgurl=http://ewpopwatch.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/capitol_510.jpg&w=510&h=275&ei=LQE5UOy3G42O8wSo_IGIBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=304&vpy=445&dur=765&hovh=165&hovw=306&tx=204&ty=73&sig=111121526198682867982&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=109&tbnw=203&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:120

  6. Ziggurats Ziggurats http://www.wayfaring.info/2006/12/05/ziggurats-and-the-greatest-of-them-sumerian-ziggurat-of-ur/ • Built as shrines and administrative centers • Pictured: Ziggurat of Ur (main city) • Kings played marital and religious roles • Offices were hereditary

  7. Sumerians were… • First to develop wheel, arch, bronze and metal plows • The first to write elaborate laws • Cuneiform (writing system)- picture writing formed by pressing wedges into wet clay • Scribes- highly respected

  8. Cuneiform http://www.google.com/imgres?q=cuneiform&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=X_1ns0Jb5y6cOM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/writing/home_set.html&imgurl=http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/writing/images/pic.jpg&w=300&h=204&ei=YgI5ULm-LpSk8ATov4CQCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=459&vpy=346&dur=1230&hovh=163&hovw=240&tx=125&ty=62&sig=111121526198682867982&page=1&tbnh=122&tbnw=172&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0,i:166

  9. The Epic of Gilgamesh • Circa 1800 BCE • Regarded as the world’s oldest written story

  10. Epic of Gilgamesh http://www.google.com/imgres?q=epic+of+gilgamesh&num=10&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=x_WvLoJMTi-luM:&imgrefurl=http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/epic-of-gilgamesh-faq.htm&imgurl=http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/images/epic-of-gilgamesh.jpg&w=400&h=459&ei=nAI5UJKMOYi-9QT5pIB4&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=466&sig=111121526198682867982&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=150&tbnw=130&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:150&tx=84&ty=109 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=epic+of+gilgamesh&num=10&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=WVQjCitehDjUOM:&imgrefurl=http://www.livius.org/fa-fn/flood/flood3-t-gilgamesh.html&imgurl=http://www.livius.org/a/1/mesopotamia/gilgamesh_louvre.JPG&w=386&h=900&ei=nAI5UJKMOYi-9QT5pIB4&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=620&sig=111121526198682867982&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=156&tbnw=67&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:163&tx=36&ty=82

  11. Akkadian Empire • 2200 BCE • Semites from the Arabian peninsula • United the city states circa 2200 BCE • Shifted to Akkadian language but local religion and farming remained • Empire ended after 3 generations (100 years) • Sargon I (first leader)- legendary origins similar to Moses (circa 1500 BCE)

  12. Akkadian Empire Map- Notice Ur is now part of the Akkadian Empire! http://www.google.com/imgres?q=akkadian+empire&num=10&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=j1mMOwBiz4nNiM:&imgrefurl=http://suite101.com/article/mesopotamia-the-rise-of-sargon-a171682&imgurl=http://images.suite101.com/1317452_com_orientmitj.png&w=800&h=471&ei=PgM5ULWHC4n49QTAoYGwCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=259&vpy=340&dur=2061&hovh=172&hovw=293&tx=204&ty=123&sig=111121526198682867982&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=100&tbnw=170&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:144

  13. Amorites • Invaded Mesopotamia from Syria • Efficient taxes • Public works • Trade with India and China • Unified law code (Hammurabi’s Code) • Harsh penalties replacing fines ($) • Very detailed and specific • Established empire from Babylon • Unity and stability due to 6th king: Hammurabi

  14. Hammurabi’s Babylonian Empire The area that was ‘Mesopotamia’ (Look at Ur) is now part of Hammurabi’s Amorite empire http://www.google.com/imgres?q=amorites+babylon&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=956&tbm=isch&tbnid=NT53lya-x9SiwM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hammurabi%2527s_Babylonia_1.svg/400px-Hammurabi%2527s_Babylonia_1.svg.png&w=400&h=348&ei=_gM5UMjwD4mw8ATr8oDQCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=255&vpy=141&dur=5496&hovh=209&hovw=241&tx=165&ty=101&sig=111121526198682867982&page=1&tbnh=133&tbnw=154&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:75

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