Adaptations and supporting policies

1. Adaptations and supporting policies

2. Based on Chapter 13

3. Outline • Framework for adaptations • Win-win adaptations • Supporting policies

4. Adaptation decision framework Addresses climate change Long-term Loss Long-term Gain Near-term Loss Addresses present drivers Win-Lose Near-term Gain After Grafton (2010)

5. Adaptations and policies • Practical adaptations and policies are needed to: • Harness the opportunities expected from greater abundances of tuna • Replace the fish lost from degraded coral reefs • Capitalise on the improved conditions for pond aquaculture

6. Adaptations for tuna ‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets L-L L-W Cap and trade provisions of VDS enable all PNA members to receive some benefits during ENSO events, regardless of where tuna are concentrated La Niña W-L W-W Ask El Niño Source of map: Lehodey et al. (1977)

7. Adaptations for tuna ‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets L-L L-W W-L W-W • Allocation of vessel days is adjusted regularly Ask 2050 S 2100 Source: Bell et al. (2011) and Lehodey et al. (2011)

8. Adaptations for tuna Immediate conservation measures for tuna L-L L-W W-L W-W • Stopping overfishing of bigeye tuna, and preventing overfishing of other tuna, will: • maintain stocks at healthy levels • make these valuable species more resilient to climate change Bigeye tuna

9. Other adaptations for tuna • Improve safety at sea for vessels fishing in the cyclone belt • Climate-proof infrastructure to prevent inundation by rising sea levels

10. Suggested supporting policies • Strengthen national capacity to implement the VDS • Include implications of climate change in management objectives of WCPFC • Develop further measures to reduce capture of bigeye tuna by purse-seine • Require tuna vessels to provide operational-level catch and effort data to improve tuna models

11. Adaptations for food security • Minimise the gap to be filled!

12. Adaptations for food security Sustain production of fish stocks L-L L-W Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species W-L W-W

13. Adaptations for food security Reduce and diversify catches of demersal fish L-L L-W W-L W-W Greater focus on herbivorous fish

14. Adaptations for food security Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) L-L L-W W-L W-W

15. Adaptations for food security Improve post-harvest methods L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Jocelyn Carlin

16. Adaptations for food security Develop pond aquaculture for milkfish and Nile tilapia L-L L-W W-L W-W

17. Adaptations for food security Increase supply of tuna to Nauru from industrial fleet for food security L-L L-W W-L W-W

18. Adaptations for livelihoods Provide attractive services to fleets (wharf facilities, re-fuelling, provisioning) L-L L-W W-L W-W

19. Suggested supporting policies • Strengthen governance of agriculture and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality • Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment • Increase access to tuna for the food security • Promote pond aquaculture

20. Key investments • Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs • Programmes to install and maintain FADs • Identify prime locations for pond aquaculture • Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles • Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing

21. Conclusions • Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities • Supporting policies are required • Integrate adaptations and policies into national strategies and action plans for climate change