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The Mongols and Central Asia

The Mongols and Central Asia. Pre-Mongol Eurasia. Temujin , 1206-1227. Born 1167 Mongols were nomadic 1206 - Declared leader of all Mongol tribes, Genghis Khan ( Chinggis Khan) 1211 – Invades Jin Dynasty in northern China 1227 – Genghis Khan dies, Ogodei is next Khan. Chinese Dynasties.

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The Mongols and Central Asia

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  1. The Mongols and Central Asia

  2. Pre-Mongol Eurasia

  3. Temujin, 1206-1227 • Born 1167 • Mongols were nomadic • 1206 - Declared leader of all Mongol tribes, Genghis Khan (Chinggis Khan) • 1211 – Invades Jin Dynasty in northern China • 1227 – Genghis Khan dies, Ogodei is next Khan

  4. Chinese Dynasties • Jin Dynasty 1115—1234 – Genghis Khan invades • Yuan Dynasty 1271—1368 – Mongol-led, founded by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis • Ming Dynasty 1368—1644 – Drives out Mongols, nice vases • Qing Dynasty 1644—1911 – Last dynasty before Republic of China

  5. The Khanates

  6. Ogodei Khan, 1229-1241 • 2nd Great Khan • Added Persia • Empire reached greatest extent west • Conquered Georgians, Armenians, invaded Korea • He died just as his armies were invading Austria and Germany

  7. The Batu Campaigns, 1230s – 1250s • Batu Khan – son of Jochi, grandson of Genghis • Leader of The Golden Horde while Ogedei and Guyuk were Great Khans • At one time, ruled Rus, Caucasus, Volga Bulgaria, Cumania • Volga – longest river in Europe • Rus – totally destroyed scores of cities, Pskov and Novogrod escaped destruction • Top general was Subatai

  8. Guyuk Khan, 1246-1248 • 3rd Great Khan • Letter to Pope Innocent IV: "from the rising of the sun to its setting, all the lands have been made subject to the Great Khan“ • Died while probably planning to assassinate Batu Khan

  9. Mongke Khan, 1251-1259 • Added Syria and Iraq to empire • First from the Toluid line • Uprising in Novogrod – Alexander Nevsky convinced city to pay tribute • Made deals with Crusaders (Crusades ended in 1291)

  10. Maaloula

  11. Kublai Khan, 1260-1294 • Founded Yuan Dynasty, mandate of heaven • First non-Chinese to conquer all of China • Summer palace in Xanadu (subject of Coleridge poem) • Marco Polo wrote of him in the Polo travels • Bad relations with Golden Horde • National paper currency • Rebuilt The Grand Canal • Son Temur • Two failed invasions of Japan: 1274, 1281 with Korean allies • Kamikaze – “divine wind”

  12. XANADUTHE BALLAD OF KUBLAI KHANby SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE (1816) In Xanadu did Kublai Khana stately pleasure-dome decree,where Alph, the sacred river, ranthrough caverns measureless to mandown to a sunless sea,so twice five miles of fertile groundwith walls and towers were girdled round.and there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,where blossom'd many an incense-bearing tree.And here were forests as ancient as the hills,enfolding sunny spots of greenery.

  13. End of Mongolian Empire • Rule of Togon-Temur, 1333-1370 • Ming Dynasty (Han Chinese) rose in the south • 1369 – took capital Shangdu, Mongols fled north • Still kept title Emperor of China but the southern Chinese called him • Chinese believed the Khan lost the Mandate of Heaven, one of the five Confucian relationships

  14. Ivan III

  15. The Great Stand on the Ugra River1480

  16. Crimean Khanate 1600

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