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Mastering Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Guide

Explore the essentials of experimental design, from formulating hypotheses and variables to collecting and analyzing data. Learn to conduct controlled experiments effectively. Understand the crucial concepts of accuracy and precision in scientific measurements. Enhance your experimental skills with practical examples and proven strategies. Dive into the world of hypotheses, theories, and laws in scientific research.

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Mastering Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Experimental Design

  2. ???????????????????????????? • What’s the question

  3. Hypothesis • If-then statement • If part - shows a relationship (can be cause-effect) • Then part – is your prediction • If the texture/pattern of a paper towel affects the rate at which it picks up water, then a paper towel with more indentations and therefore surface area will pick up water the fastest.

  4. An experiment needs: • To test only one variable • All other variables are constant • Example: To test which fertilizer is the most effective, the variable is the type of fertilizer. • What should you keep constant?

  5. An experiment needs: • Control Group – Where all factors are standard or kept the same. This is what you will compare your experimental group to • Experimental (Variable) Group – All conditions are kept constant EXCEPT for the variable

  6. Experiment A B D C What group is the control group?

  7. An experiment needs: • Independent (Manipulated) Variable – The factor that you deliberately change (fertilizer) • Dependent (Responding) Variable – The factor that changes in response to the manipulated variable (plant growth)

  8. Experiment A B D C What group is the control group?

  9. An experiment needs: • Data- the more trials or the larger the sample size, the more reliable your data will be. • Quantitative- numerical data • Qualitative- descriptive data • Your data will need to be organized so that the result is clear.

  10. Data Collections Graduated Cylinder Beaker Test Tube Pipette Which is the most precise?

  11. Accuracy - the ability of a measurement to match the actual quantity being measured • The true value • Precision – the ability of a measurement to be consistently repeated

  12. Meniscus

  13. An experiment needs… • Conclusions- your experimental results need to be communicated to

  14. Hypothesis- the prediction and the thinking behind your prediction • For example: Fertilizer A will be the most effective in aiding plant growth because it contains the most nutrients. • Theory- after many hypotheses have been tested and have not been proven incorrect, the hypotheses will become a part of a theory.

  15. Theory- • How have you heard this word used in “the real world”? • Why is it important that we know the scientific definition?

  16. Law- a mathematical explanation of a repeated occurrence (gravity, etc.)

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