1. Chapter 43 Two Americas

2. 1 • African Americans from the South; Puerto Ricans; Mexican immigrants; small family farmers; people from Appalachia; American Indians. Generally, these people came looking for work because economic opportunities had run out where they were, for example, because of competition from agribusiness, mine closures, or loss of tribal lands.

3. 2 • As middle-class whites moved out of the inner city and into the suburbs, newcomers crowded into the city searching for work. But industry-and therefore jobs-often followed the middle class to the suburbs, decreasing employment opportunities in the inner city.

4. 3 • Discrimination in housing limited where minorities could live and work, so minority populations became concentrated in areas abandoned by whites often these crowded neighborhoods, with their high rates of poverty and unemployment became slums.

5. 4 • Modern agricultural technology contributed to the rise of large agribusinesses. Small farmers could not compete with these profitable agricultural giants. Many migrated to cities to look for work. Others tried to live off the land and sank deeper into poverty.

6. 5 • After Congress voted in the termination policy in 1953, the federal government seemed to be helping the American Indian by relocating them to cities with promises of help with finding houses and jobs. However, these efforts were of questionable value; many American Indians struggled to adapt to city life and continued to battle poverty. Outside the cities, tribes were forced to sell much of their tribal land. Ultimately the policy was considered a failure and was abandoned in 1963.

7. 6 • Today’s poor are younger, more diverse, and more visible. Today’s poverty rate is about half that of the 1960s. Fewer elderly live in poverty, and the poverty rate for children has improved somewhat, although the rate for working adults has not.