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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018

Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018. Aircraft Familiarization Aircraft Controls Aircraft Instruments Weight and Balance. Aircraft Structure and Controls. Aircraft Familiarization. Why do I need to know this stuff anyway? Terminology Structure Control surfaces

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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018

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  1. Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018 • Aircraft Familiarization • Aircraft Controls • Aircraft Instruments • Weight and Balance

  2. Aircraft Structure and Controls

  3. Aircraft Familiarization • Why do I need to know this stuff anyway? • Terminology • Structure • Control surfaces • Instrumentation • Limitations

  4. The Airplane • CAP typically uses C172 and C182.

  5. Aircraft Terminology

  6. Ailerons provide roll control

  7. Center of Gravity Center of Gravity Elevators provide pitch control

  8. The rudder controls yaw

  9. Trim tabs neutralize control pressures

  10. Aircraft Instruments

  11. Instrument Panel

  12. Flight Instruments • Magnetic Compass • Primarily a backup • Doesn’t require any power • Installation problems • Bank angles and speed changes can cause a compass to show the wrong heading

  13. Flight Instruments • Heading Indicator (Directional Gyro) • Gyro-driven heading indicator • Quick response to turns • Stable indications • Electrical or vacuum-driven • Will drift, requires periodic re-alignment

  14. Flight Instruments • Altimeter • Usually set to show pressure altitude above Mean Sea Level (MSL) • Accurate altitude is dependent on the altimeter setting.

  15. Flight Instruments • Turn Coordinator • Really two instruments • Miniature aircraft shows turn rate only - does not show bank angle • Inclinometer shows quality of turn - Coordinated, slip, skid

  16. Flight Instruments • Attitude Indicator • Provides a horizon reference • Hash marks indicate bank angle

  17. Flight Instruments • Airspeed • Knots or MPH • Colored markings • Shows aircraft performance

  18. Flight Instruments • Vertical Speed • Climb or descent rate • Has a lag due to design • Use with altimeter

  19. Engine Instruments • Tachometer • Markings — green arc • Indicates power

  20. Other Engine Instruments • Gauges • Fuel (accurate at empty) • Oil Temperature and Pressure • Vacuum and Generator • Exhaust Gas Temperature • Instruments vary from aircraft to aircraft

  21. Comm, VOR and DME radios DME • Navigation/Communication Radio • Primary and Standby Frequencies Comm1 Nav 1 Communications Navigation Comm2 Nav2

  22. Comm Antennas • Normally mounted on top • One for each radio

  23. Nav Antennas • “Cat whisker” style • One for each nav

  24. Navigation Instruments VOR ADF • VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR-DME, VORTAC) • Indicates direction to/from ground transmitter relative to magnetic North • Automatic Direction Finder (NDB) • Direction toward ground transmitter relative to airplane nose

  25. Other Antennas Loop (directional) ADF • Marker • Beacon

  26. UHF Antenna Blade type (may be spike) Transponder & DME [If mounted up front, may interfere with DF]

  27. Global Positioning System • Satellite based navigation • Apollo GX55 • Can provide search pattern course guidance and lat and long of target

  28. GPS Antenna • Line of sight, so mounted at the very top • Comm antennas can interfere with the weak signals, so they are tested for interference GPS

  29. Direction Finding Receiver • Used for electronic ELT searches

  30. CAP FM Transceiver

  31. Audio Panel

  32. Transponder

  33. Static “wicks” • Mitigate buildup of static electricity (interferes with comm) • Wings, elevators, vertical stabilizer • Take care when walking around

  34. Weight and Balance and Operations

  35. Weight and Balance • The wings generate a limited amount of lift • Maximum weight for an aircraft is set by the manufacturer • Pitch stability is affected by the location of the center of gravity • The pilot computes weight and balance and controls it by loading the aircraft correctly • -If incorrectly loaded: • the pilot may not be able to raise the nose during take off or • the aircraft may be unstable and difficult or impossible to control in the air

  36. Weight and Balance • Excessive weight adversely impacts performance: • Longer take off and landing distance • Reduced climb performance • Reduced ability to withstand turbulence and wind shear forces • Out of Forward C.G. limits can cause: • Reduced up-elevator authority (ability to raise the nose) • Can eliminate the ability to flare for landing • Out of Rear C.G. limits can cause: • Reduced down-elevator authority (ability to lower the nose) • Can make stall recovery difficult or impossible

  37. Mission Aircraft Operations • A CAPF84 or CAPF104 must be completed • Altimeter settings will be from a source within 50 NM or the closest source available and updated hourly. • Airspeed will be no lower than 1.3 times aircraft stall at zero flaps and 30 degrees of bank.

  38. Mission Aircraft Operations • Search altitudes are limited to no lower than 500 feet above the surface (except for counter drug vessel identification). • Search aircraft on missions over water must plan to be over a suitable airfield with at least 90 minutes of fuel on board at normal cruise speed.

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