Motivation The interactive tools: Drawing commands Interactive figure manipulation

1. Motivation • The interactive tools: • Drawing commands • Interactive figure manipulation • The programmer point of view: • Introduction to objects and their handles • Invoking and manipulating graphics objects

2. The interactive tools >> x = -5:0.05:5; % [-5 -4.95 …….4.95 5] >> y = sin(x.^2); >> plot(x,y)

5. none

7. The axes is contained within the figure. • A figure may have more than one axes.

10. The plot is contained within the axes. • An axes may have more than one plot.

11. >> y2= 1./(1+exp(-x)); >> hold Current plot held >> plot(x,y2,'color','k','lineStyle','-.')

12. >> y2= 1./(1+exp(-x)); >> hold Current plot held >> plot(x,y2,'color','k','lineStyle','-.') Property-name, property value pair

13. >> y2= 1./(1+exp(-x)); >> hold Current plot held >> plot(x,y2,'color','k','lineStyle','-.') Property-name, property value pair

15. Specifier Line Style Specifier Marker type - solid line (default) + Plus sign o circle -- dashed line * asterisk : dotted line . point -. dash-dot line x cross s square Specifier Color d diamond ^ triangle pointing upward r Red v triangle pointing downward g green > triangle pointing right b blue < triangle pointing left c cyan p five-pointed star (pentagram) m magenta h six-pointed star (hexagram) y yellow k black w white

16. Alternative format: >> x=[1 2.3 4 10 3 11.3]; >> y=[3.2 5 2 7.4 3 9.4]; >> p2=plot(x,y,'or:’);

17. Alternative format: >> x=[1 2.3 4 10 3 11.3]; >> y=[3.2 5 2 7.4 3 9.4]; >> p2=plot(x,y,'or:’); Marker ColorLineStyle • Use MATLAB help. • Consult the property inspector. There are more alternative formats

18. Specialized 2D plots • Bars • Histograpms • Stair • Stem • Scatter • Error bars • Area • Pie charts • contour

19. Use MATLAB help and demos. Specialized 3D plots • plot3 • mesh • surf

20. The programmer’s point of view: • Graphic Objects • Handles • Properties

21. Graphic Object (figure, axes, text, line etc.) handle

22. Graphic Object (figure, axes, text, line etc.) handle properties

23. Many objects may exist simultaneously

24. We use the handles to pick an object and manipulate it.

25. An object may have more than one handle

26. Objects may contain other objects

27. Graphic object: any element as defined by the set of its properties that constitute part of a figure • Everything inside a figure window is a graphic object • The figure window itself is a graphic object • All plots in MATLAB are made of graphic objects • All graphic objects have properties that control the way they look and behave

28. >> t = -pi:0.05:pi; >> x = cos(3*t)*1./(1+exp(-t)); >> y = sin(3*t)*1./(1+exp(-t)); >> p = plot(x,y) p = 158.0055 A handle

29. Objects • The plot • The axes • The figure • ? • Handles • p is the plots handle • ? • ?

30. >>set(p,'color','r') >>set(p,'lineWidth',4) handle

31. >>set(p,'color','r') >>set(p,'lineWidth',4) property names

32. >>set(p,'color','r') >>set(p,'lineWidth',4) property values How would I know what properties does the plot have?

33. >> get(p) Color: [1 0 0] EraseMode: 'normal' LineStyle: '-' LineWidth: 4 Marker: 'none' MarkerSize: 6 MarkerEdgeColor: 'auto' MarkerFaceColor: 'none' XData: [1x126 double] YData: [1x126 double] ZData: [1x0 double] BeingDeleted: 'off' ButtonDownFcn: [] Children: [0x1 double] Clipping: 'on' CreateFcn: [] DeleteFcn: [] BusyAction: 'queue' HandleVisibility: 'on' HitTest: 'on' Interruptible: 'on' Selected: 'off' SelectionHighlight: 'on' Tag: '' Type: 'line' UIContextMenu: [] UserData: [] Visible: 'on' Parent: 157.0059 DisplayName: '' XDataMode: 'manual' XDataSource: '' YDataSource: '' ZDataSource: ''

34. handle >> p_parent=get(p,'parent') p_parent = 157.0059

35. property name >> p_parent=get(p,'parent') p_parent = 157.0059

36. property value >> p_parent=get(p,'parent') p_parent = 157.0059

37. >> p_parent=get(p,'parent') p_parent = 157.0059 p_parent is a handle. Of what? >> get(p_parent,'type') ans = axes

38. >> get(p_parent,'children') ??? ans = 158.0063 >> p ans = 158.0063

39. >> set(p_parent,'xcolor','b'); >> set(p_parent,'ycolor','b'); What about the title? >> title=get(p_parent,'title') title = 163.0059 >> get(title,'type') ans = text

40. >> set(p_parent,'xcolor','b'); >> set(p_parent,'ycolor','b'); What about the title? >> title=get(p_parent,'title') title = 163.0059 >> get(title,'type') ans = text >> set(title,'string','Spiral') >> set(title,'color','b')

41. Lets add another line >> x1 = -cos(3*t)*1./(1+exp(-t)); >> y1 = -sin(3*t)*1./(1+exp(-t)); >> plot(x1,y1) Ooooops… >> lines = get(p_parent,'children') lines = 204.0061 158.0063 >> blue=lines(1) blue = 204.0061 >> set(blue,'lineWidth',4)

42. Alternatively: >> findobj('color','b') ans = 204.0061

43. Who is the title’s parent? Who are the title’s children? Who is the axes` parent? Who is the figure’ parent?

44. Graph Objects Phylogeny • This hierarchy is based on the interdependency of objects. A line can only be plotted inside an Axes. A figure contains Axes and so on.

45. Graph Objects Phylogeny parent

46. Graph Objects Phylogeny children

47. …in the beginning there is only the root object…. • Hello, I am the root object • Although I am the root I always got a 0 as my handle • I know and control many important things… Type get(0) to see all my properties

48. What is the difference between a handle and “simple variable”? >> get(title,'String') ans = Spiral >> ttt = title; >> set(ttt,'string','Red wide spiral') >> get(title,'String') ans = Red wide spiral >> a = [1 2 3 4 5]; >> b = a; >> b(3)=9 b = 1 2 9 4 5 >> a a = 1 2 3 4 5

49. handle right_handle = handle