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Energy Systems

trilby avatar
trilby
8 diapositives · 273 Views · Aug 31, 2014

This lesson explores the fundamental role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the primary energy source for muscle contractions. It explains how ATP is broken down to release energy, and the necessity for its resynthesis, particularly during muscular activity. We delve into the energy pathways including phosphocreatine breakdown, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic metabolism, detailing their significance in providing short bursts of power and sustained energy during physical exertion. Coaches and athletes will gain valuable insights to enhance performance through energy management.

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Energy Systems
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  1. Energy Systems Lesson Aims Analyse & understand how ATP works? Understand how ATP is resynthesized for muscular contractions.

  2. Energy & ATP • All body systems require energy to perform work. • Energy = Capacity of the body to perform work. (Calories (ckal) or Joules) 1Calorie = 4.184 joules • It is important to have knowledge of energy as it allows the coach and performer to maximise performance.

  3. Energy & ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - The basic source of energy for muscle contraction. ATP is a molecule composed of Adenosine attached to 3 phosphate. • The 3 phosphate bonds store high energy • When the outermost bond is broken • the energy is then released for muscular • contractions. • This reaction takes place in the myofibril

  4. Energy & ATP • When a phosphate is broken loose from the ATP molecule (forming ADP: adenine diphosphate) energy (ATPase enzyme) is released. • There is only enough ATP stored in the muscles for 1 explosive muscle contraction. • As ATP is not stored in large amounts in skeletal muscle, it has to be replenished or resynthesized for contractions to continue

  5. Energy & ATP ATP resynthesis • ATP replenishment is a reversible chain reaction. • ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) + a Pi (phosphate) molecule is recombined to resynthesize ATP. • There are other ways in which energy stores are replenished, these are called energy pathways.

  6. ENERGY PATHWAYS? PHOSPHOCREATINE (PCr) SPLITTING • Phosphocreatine is stored in the muscle tissue (sarcoplasm) and is broken down by enzyme creatine kinase into creatine. • Creatine kinase is stimulated by the  in ‘free’ phosphates (Pi) resulting from the breakdown of ATP into ADP + Pi + energy • The combined amounts of muscle ATP and • phosphocreatine are can provide maximal • muscle power for 8 to 10 seconds Thus, the energy from the phosphagen system is used for maximal short bursts of power. For example – 100m sprint

  7. ENERGY PATHWAYS? Anaerobic Glycolysis • Carbohydrates, sugar or starch are stored in the muscles & liver as glycogen. • These are converted to a compound ‘glucose-6-phospate’ (pyruvic acid) for the resynthesis of ATP. • No O2 is required, hence Anaerobic. However, it produces a large accumulation of lacticacid. • Pathway is used in highintensity activities with a duration of 1-3 minutes. For example - 400/800m - 100m freestyle (swimming)

  8. ENERGY PATHWAYS? Aerobic Metabolism • ATP is resynthesized by chemical • reactions from many sources. • Used when sustained energy is • required. • H2O & CO2 are by product. These • are easily dispersed through • sweating and respiration.